JOHN McLFOD. 

Many are drawn into real-estate circles because of the rapid and substantial
growth of Vancouver, and indeed this is an excellent field for activity along
that line. Not all realize, however, that industry, perseverance, capability and
initiative are just as important to the real-estate dealer as to the merchant or
manufacturer. Mr. McLeod, however, has employed the qualities mentioned
and since 1909 has been conducting a successful and growing business as
president and managing director of the John McLeod Company, Ltd. He was
born in Glengarry, Ontario, August 13, 1870, a son of Murdock and Bella
(Stewart) McLeod, well known farming people of that neighborhood. In the
public schools of Glengarry county the son acquired his education, and taking
up the study of telegraphy became an operator for the Grand Trunk Railway at
Bright, Ontario, where he remained for four years. He afterward spent
several years as a relieving operator, and in 1897 came to Vancouver, where
he was employed for a time in the building trade. In 1905 he started in the
real-estate business, with which he has now been associated for eight years.
The present John McLeod Company, Ltd., was organized in 1909 and Mr.
McLeod has since been in control of its affairs as president and managing director.
He has made a close study of the property upon the market, has displayed sound
judgment in anticipating the possible rise or diminution of values, and has so
conducted his affairs as to win substantial return. 

On the 25th of March, 1910, at Seattle, Washington, Mr. McLeod was
married to Miss Margaret Williamson McAdie, of Nanaimo, British Columbia, a
daughter of Henry and Margaret McAdie. Her parents were pioneers of this
province, coming here on their wedding journey and settling in Nanaimo, where
they have since resided. 

286 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

Mr. McLeod is a supporter of the liberal party but is not active in politics.
He is prominent in Masonic circles, holding membership in Acacia Lodge,
F. & A. M., of Vancouver ; in the Royal Arch Chapter, Preceptory and in Gizeh
Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the Terminal City Club, and the
rules and principles which govern his conduct are largely found in the teachings
of the Presbyterian church, of which he is a member. 

HARRY JOHN PAINTER. 

Harry John Painter is assessment commissioner of Vancouver and has for
many years been active in civic affairs. Moreover, he is one of the pioneers of
British Columbia, having taken up his abode in Vancouver in the year in which its
present name was adopted. He was born in Hanley, Staffordshire, England,
June 14, 1856, and is a son of Frederick Charles and Emily (Marriner) Painter.
The father was for many years connected with the pottery business in England,
having for a long period been traveling representative for W. T. Copeland &
Sons, of Stoke-on-Trent, while later he was connected with the Coalport China
Works in Shropshire, England, for many years. His travels in connection with
business took him all over Great Britain and Ireland, and in the years of his
service on the road he became widely known, being a familiar figure in many
cities and having legions of friends wherever he went. He possessed the genial,
social qualities which win high regard, and all who knew him spoke of him in
terms of great respect. 

Harry John Painter was educated in the schools of Bridgeworth, Shropshire,
England, after which he entered the employ of the firm of I. & T. Dimmock &
Company, a large timber and lumber concern. He became a timber valuator for
that house and the work took him to various sections of Great Britain. He
severed that connection in February, 1881, and in April of the same year he came
to Canada, going first to Winnipeg, which was then the western terminus of the
Canadian Pacific Railway. He remained in Winnipeg for a year, variously
employed, and in that time was looking out for a permanent location. He also
attended night school at Winnipeg, entering a business college, in which he
acquitted himself with honors. In the spring of 1882 he made his way to the
Northwest Territory and settled at Broadview, Assiniboia, where he engaged in
farming. He was also land agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway and likewise
served as first postmaster of Broadview, while in connection with a partner he
conducted a general store. During that time he served on the jury in the trial of
the case of the Queen versus Louis Riel, who was arrested for high treason,
having been the instigator and the leader of the famous Riel rebellion. He was
the first member of the jury sworn at that trial, which took place at Regina,
Assiniboia, in 1885. 

In November, 1886, Mr. Painter arrived in British Columbia, settling at
Vancouver, where he became connected with the building department of the
Canadian Pacific Railroad, and so remained until March, 1888. He was after-
ward with the land department of the road until October, 1899, when he went into
business on his own account as a real-estate and general financial broker in Van-
couver, becoming senior partner of the firm of Painter & Turton. He was thus
engaged until 1903, when, having been appointed to the provincial assessment
office of British Columbia, he retired from the real-estate business to give his
undivided attention to his new duties, which he assumed on the 1st of January,
1903. He continued in that position until March, 1907, when he was appointed
assessment commissioner of the city of Vancouver, and so remains to the present
time. His long continuance in these offices speaks in incontrovertible terms of his
ability and fidelity. In politics Mr. Painter has always been known as a stalwart
conservative. He has taken an active part in civic affairs in Vancouver, and 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 287 

for three consecutive terms 1896, 1897 and 1898 was alderman of the city, and
was again elected for the year 1901. 

While residing in England Mr. Painter served for a number of years with
the Queen's Own Staffordshire Rangers, being sergeant of that command when he
retired from the service preparatory to coming to Canada in 1881. He was
highly complimented when he passed the examination for sergeant, the examining
board stating that few, if any, in any branch of the service showed as thorough a
knowledge of military affairs, tactics, etc. 

On the 29th of August, 1883, at Whitewood, Assiniboia, Mr. Painter was
united in marriage to Miss Annie M. Petchell, of Aldborough, England, a
daughter of Edward Petchell, an extensive farmer of Yorkshire, England, who,
after crossing the Atlantic to Canada in 1883, began farming at Broadview, where
he remained until 1894, when he came to British Columbia to live with his
daughter until his death, which occurred in 1907. 

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Painter were born eight children, seven sons and a
daughter, all of whom are living with the exception of the second son, Frederick
Charles, who passed away in November, 1912. He was a fine young man in per-
son, in talents and in character, was an athlete of ability, possessed a legion of
friends, and his death was a sad blow to his parents. The living children are:
Emily, a teacher at Alexandra Orphanage School at Vancouver ; Edward Petchell,
a naval architect of Vancouver ; Harry John, a railway mail clerk and a member
of the Vancouver Athletic Club lacross team, the champion amateur lacrosse team
of the world ; Robert, a mechanical engineer in the employ of the Vancouver
Engineering Works; Cornelius Stamford, now attending the Vancouver Business
Institute ; Joe, an employe of the British Columbia Telephone Company ; and
Frank Midforth, at school in Vancouver. The family attend the Anglican church,
in which Mr. Painter holds membership. He is also connected with the Ancient
Order of United Workmen. He is perhaps best known through his official con-
nections, but in every relation of life has commanded the warm regard of those
with whom he has been associated. His public record is most commendable, and
in all his service he has been actuated by a loyalty to the general welfare that
none questions. 

LEON JOHNSON LADNER. 

Among the younger and more prominent members of the bar of Vancouver,
British Columbia, is Leon Johnson Ladner, who in two years has built up an im-
portant private practice which connects him with some of the foremost interests of
the city. A native of this province, he was born on November 29, 1884, and is a
son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Ladner, of whom more extended mention is made
in another part of this work. He received his education in the public and high
schools of New Westminster and the University of Toronto, from which he grad-
uated with the degree of B. A. and with honors in political science in 1907. Two
years later he took the degree of LL. B. from the same university and then studied
law under Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper, K. C. Mr. Ladner was called to the bar of
British Columbia in July, 1910, after which he spent one year abroad, traveling
throughout various parts of Europe, during which time he supplemented his course
in economics by gathering data on various forms of taxation and government.
Returning to Vancouver in the fall of 1911 he engaged in practice alone for a
short time and then entered into a partnership with W. A. Cantelon, under the
firm name of Ladner & Cantelon. They engage in general practice and have
become recognized as young men of more than ordinary ability, gifted with a right
understanding of the law and able and thorough in their preparation of any cause
entrusted to their care. Mr. Ladner is also connected with his brother-in-law,
Lantzius, formerly a manufacturer of northern France, in the wholesale im- 

288 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

porting business with offices in the Fairfield building. Moreover, he is a director
in the Ladner Investment & Trust Company, Ltd. 

In the beautiful city of Nice, France, on his first European tour, Mr. Ladner
met Miss Jeanne Lantzius, a resident of Lille, who was spending the winter on
the Riviera. In April, 1912, Mr. Ladner returned to France for the young lady
and they were married in Brussels, Belgium. Mrs. Ladner is a daughter of Emile
and Helene Lantzius, both natives of France, her father being a well known manu-
facturer of Lille. 

In his political affiliations Mr. Ladner is a conservative and has always taken
an active interest in the welfare of his party. He is a public speaker and is often
called upon to defend the cause during campaigns. However, he is not an office
seeker. He is a member of the Native Sons of British Columbia. Progressive
and aggressive, Mr. Lander is typical of the west, all of his actions being per-
meated with energy and ambition. He is genial, pleasant-mannered and open-
hearted, and readily supports any enterprise instituted to promote advancement
along material or intellectual lines. As a lawyer he has already attained a good
position, being capable, honest and conscientious. Mr. Ladner has every occasion
to exhibit the faculties which a lawyer should possess skill, ability and force in
the presentation of a case. He is a good judge of human nature and character
and last, but not least, possesses untiring industry. 

CHARLES EDWARD DOHERTY, M. D. 

Specialization in the present age has promoted knowledge to a point largely
approaching perfection. In all of the professions there are men who are giving
their attention to certain departments thereof with the result that they attain
skill and efficiency which could never be acquired were they to continue in the
general professional lines. In this connection mention should be made of Charles
Edward Doherty, today eminent in a field of practice in the treatment of mental
.and nervous diseases. In 1905 he became medical superintendent of the Provin-
cial Hospital for the Insane at Coquitlam. Since called to this position he has
introduced many new and novel methods for the care of the mentally deranged
which are proving of notable worth in the restoration of normal conditions, while
Dr. Doherty has become widely recognized as a most serviceable factor in the
world's work. 

A native of Peel county, Ontario, he was born November 28, 1873, of the
marriage of William F. and Mary Anne Doherty. The father was a pioneer
settler of Peel county and became one of the most successful farmers there. He
was particularly noted as a raiser and exporter of stock and at the time of his
death in 1907 was one of the largest property holders in Peel county. His wife
survived him for several years, passing away in January, 1913. 

In the public schools of Peel county Dr. Doherty mastered the elementary
branches of learning and later attended the Toronto Collegiate Institute, Trinity
University and Trinity Medical College. From the university, in 1899, he received
the degrees of M. D. and C. M., and from the medical college that of F. T. M. C.
Throughout the years of his active connection with the profession he has been
engaged in hospital practice. Following his graduation he was appointed medical
superintendent of the Kootenay Lake General Hospital in 1899 and there re-
mained until 1902, when he was appointed assistant medical superintendent of the
Provincial Hospital for the Insane at Coquitlam, acting in that capacity for three
years or until 1905, when he became medical superintendent. Speaking of a
recent visit to the institution, Dr. Wesbrook, president of the new provincial
university, said: "I was delighted with all I saw;" and after eulogizing certain
features of the institution as conducted under Dr. Doherty's supervision, he
pointed out that the agricultural work carried on at the hospital farm will render
it a valuable adjunct to the university when the classes in practical agriculture 

CHARLES R. DRAYTON 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 281 

transacted in well appointed offices in the London building. The officers of the
company are: H. Abbott, chairman; C. R. Drayton, managing director; and E. J.
Enthoven, secretary-treasurer. Only five years have passed since the organization
of the Vancouver Financial Corporation, Ltd., yet it is capitalized today for two
hundred and ten thousand dollars and has a reserve of two hundred thousand
dollars. Their connections in Scotland are extensive and they are represented
by agents in both Glasgow and Edinburgh. They conduct a general financial
brokerage business and have invested large sums for clients. They never enter
upon unwarranted risks, their progressiveness being tempered by a safe conserva-
tism, yet their progress is never blocked by undue fear or faltering. The company
also manages several large business and office buildings in Vancouver and con-
ducts an extensive fire and casualty insurance business, being general agents for
the General Fire Insurance Company of Perth, Scotland; the Aetna Insurance
Company, of Hartford, Connecticut ; the General Accident Insurance Company,
of Toronto; and the Canadian Casualty Boiler Insurance Company. A valuable
asset in the management and control of the business has been Mr. Drayton's
broad and accurate knowledge of values, acquired in his long experience as in-
spector of the Canadian Permanent Loan Company. Through this knowledge
the money of clients has been wisely and safely invested and benefit has accrued
to clients and their financial agents. Mr. Drayton is recognized as one of the
foremost authorities on values in British Columbia, there being no better in-
formed man in that line in the province. He makes this his especial feature of
the business and is now valuator for six leading life insurance companies of Can-
ada and is often called upon to act for the city of Vancouver on arbitrations in
valuations. Mr. Drayton also has other financial interests, being a director of W.
M. Harrison & Company, Ltd., operating a chain of drug stores in Vancouver,
and chairman of the Utrecht Canadian Investment Company, Ltd., of Vancouver.
In politics Mr. Drayton is independent. He belongs to the Vancouver Club
and to the Anglican church, and is interested in other important features of life
working for the bettering of the individual or the community. On the i8th of
June, 1900, at Toronto, he married Lydia Howland, a daughter of the late H. S.
Howland, president of the Imperial Bank of Canada, and their children are Henry
Howland and Charles Hampden. While Mr. Drayton has attained a most enviable
position in financial circles, the course that he has pursued is one which will bear
close investigation and scrutiny. There are no esoteric chapters in his life his-
tory. Diligence, determination and sound judgment have been the salient factors
in his career, making his an honored name in financial circles. 

WILLIAM JUKES MARSHALL. 

William Jukes Marshall, senior partner in the firm of Marshall, Plummer &
Company, civil engineers and contractors, entered into this relation in 1911, and
in the intervening period of two years has built up a business of large and
gratifying proportions. He was born at St. Catharines, Ontario, February 28,
1880, and is a son of Paul Harry and Susan Ann (Jukes) Marshall. In the
maternal line he comes of a United Empire Loyalist family prominent in
Canadian history. In 1891 the parents removed westward to British Columbia,
settling in Victoria, where William J. Marshall pursued his education for a time
in public schools and also attended school at Nanaimo. When his text-books were
put aside he came to Vancouver and was afterward employed in various capacities
until 1908, when he became connected with the contracting business as an employe
of T. R. Nickson & Company, with whom he continued until 1911, when he
entered into partnership with A. A. Plummer under the style of Marshall,
Plummer & Company. This firm is today a prominent one, having a large
clientage in both civil engineering and contracting. Thorough training and
broad experience have qualified these men for the conduct of the important 

Vol. IllId 

282 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

interests entrusted to them and in which connection they are winning substantial
success. They are now clearing up one hundred and thirty acres for the
provincial government just outside of the city limits and are at present dyking
Nicomen island in the Fraser river, about a ninety thousand dollar job. They
have done macadamizing at Port Grey and steam shovel excavation work and
concrete work for schools and other public buildings. 

On the loth of October, 1911, in Vancouver, Mr. Marshall was united in
marriage to Miss Sarah Davis, a daughter of the Rev. John Hardwick and
Florence Davis. Her father was connected with several parishes in England,
and in the early days of the settlement of the northwest made his way to
Victoria, where he officiated at the Victoria cathedral. Mr. and Mrs. Marshall
are also of the Anglican faith. The former was at one time identified with the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, but is not affiliated therewith at this
writing. His political allegiance is given to the conservative party, and as a
member of the Vancouver Board of Trade he cooperates in many of its plans
and projects for the public good. 

CHARLES HUBERT WATSON. 

Musical circles of New Westminster and indeed all' circles in a city where
ability is respected and integrity honored suffered a distinct loss in the death of
Charles Hubert Watson, for three years leader of the city band and organist and
choirmaster of St. Andrew's Presbyterian church. At the time of his death, which
occurred at Honolulu during the Spanish-American war, he was the director of the
First Regiment band, and also band master of the Thirteenth Minnesota Volun-
teers, an organization which he founded and which his well timed and indefatig-
able labor placed among the leading organizations of its kind in the United States
army. 

Mr. Watson was born in New Brunswick, September 22, 1864, and was a son
of Rev. A. A. and Jane Caroline Watson, the former of whom has passed away,
the latter now residing in Minneapolis. Mr. Watson spent his childhood and
acquired his education in his native city and during practically his entire active
life was prominent in musical circles there, although he resided in New West-
minster for a number of years. Those years won for him the confidence and
high regard of all who came within the close circle of his friendship and a place
of distinction and honor as a musician. He was band master of the City Band
for three years, during which time it earned a professional reputation as a well
managed, well directed and thoroughly proficient musical organization, and he
was also organist and choirmaster of St. Andrew's Presbyterian church. In
musical circles generally he was prominent and popular and he gained a wide-
spread reputation as an able teacher, many of his former pupils being today accom-
plished musicians. About the year 1894 Mr. Watson returned to Minneapolis
and there became quickly prominent in musical circles, his ability and energy
carrying him forward into important relations with the musical life of the com-
munity. Here he organized the First Regiment Band and was its director for
many years, leading some of the best musicians in western America. During this
time also he organized and became the leader of Watson's Orchestra and was for
one year in charge of the orchestra of the Bijou Theatre. His administrative
ability directed into musical channels brought him prominence and distinction as a
leader but it was fully equaled by his ability as a musician, for he possessed talent
that seemed destined to carry him far, both as a player and as a composer. Prac-
tically every musical instrument was at his command although the violin and pipe
organ were his favorites, and his musical execution, which was of a high order,
was nevertheless equaled by his talent as a composer. He arranged many of the
numbers played by his organizations and when he later engaged in the musical
publishing business he exploited the Thelma March which enjoyed a wide popu- 

CHARLES H. WATSON 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 285 

larity. His most notable work was in the gathering of large miltiary bands for
special grand street work and his executive and organizing ability was very evi-
dent during the Elks' parade held in Minneapolis in 1897, tne largest pageant of
its kind ever seen in that city. 

When the Spanish-American war broke out and the Minneapolis Battalion
was drafted for the expedition to Manila, Mr. Watson linked his fortunes with
those of his regiment and proceeded with it to San Francisco, where the army
was encamped awaiting the arrival of the transports. Here his conspicuous serv-
ices were again officially recognized and he was promoted to be brigade band-
master. There was some sickness in the camp at that time and it is supposed that
during this period Mr. Watson contracted typhoid fever which only developed
after the troops had sailed for the Philippines. Upon their arrival at Honolulu
he was so ill that it was impossible to take him to the end of the journey and
he was accordingly left on the island under the charge of competent nurses. His
health did not improve, however, and on July 20, 1898, death claimed him, cut-
ting short a promising career. 

Mr. Watson married on April 16, 1890. Miss Margaret Eva Campbell, a
daughter of John and Mary Campbell, and they became the parents of two chil-
dren, Marguerite Elizabeth and Campbell Hubert Allan. The family now reside
at No. 427 Fourth street, New Westminster, and are well known in social circles
of that city. 

Mr. Watson had many friends in New Westminster and in other parts of this
province, all of whom deeply mourned the sudden termination of an active, suc-
cessful and unusually promising career. Mr. Watson has also been sadly missed
in musical circles of Minneapolis, where his work and enthusiasm had given a
new impetus to musical advancement and where his contributions to musical
development were timely and notable. 

DAVID GIBB. 

David Gibb, now living retired, was for an extended period accounted one of
the most prominent contractors of Vancouver and British Columbia. Early in
his career he recognized the eternal truth that industry wins and industry became
the beacon light of his life. He was born May 15, 1852, in Auchinleck, Ayrshire,
near to the birthplace of the poet Burns. His parents were John and Agnes
Gibb, the former a contractor of Scotland, and both parents died in the land of
hills and heather. 

In the common schools David Gibb pursued his education, but at an early
age put aside his text-books because of the necessity of providing for his own
support. He started out in business life as a laborer on a farm in Scotland,
but was afterward apprenticed to the stone-cutting trade and subsequently
became a journeyman in that line of labor. At length in 1872 he left Scotland
for the United States and became a resident of Chicago soon after the great fire
which swept away much of that city. He was then about twenty years of age.
He remained for nearly a year in Chicago, working at his trade, after which he
returned to his native land and was married in Scotland to Miss Sarah Mathieson,
a daughter of William and Sarah Mathieson, the former a contractor of New
Cumnock, Scotland. The marriage was celebrated on the 2/th of December, 1872. 

After the failure of the Glasgow Bank Mr. Gibb returned to the United States
and worked at his trade in New York. In 1885, attracted by the lure of the north-
west, he made his way to Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, where he began contract-
ing on his own account, erecting several of the business blocks there. Still the
call of the west sounded in his ears and resuming his journey he traveled to the
coast, arriving in Vancouver in 1888. From the beginning of his residence here
he has occupied a prominent position among the leading contractors in Vancouver.
His first work here was for A. G. Ferguson. Among the notable buildings for
which he cut the stone are the old post office, the Northern Crown Bank, the
high school, several of the grade schools, the Henry Birks building, the St. John's
church and the Dunsmuir Hotel. In fact he has been contractor for a large
percentage of the public buildings of the city, and he is now the owner and pro-
prietor of the Dunsmuir Hotel. He did not court success in vain; on the contrary
fortune smiled upon him and he won a place among the prosperous and highly
respected business men of the city. 

About 1908 Mr. Gibb was called upon to mourn the loss of his first wife.
Unto them had been born three daughters and a son : Sarah, now the wife of L.
Benham, of Seattle; Agnes, the wife of N. C. Wheeling, of Vancouver; Jennie,
the wife of N. C. Kydd, of Vancouver; and John W., who married Miss Cruick-
shanks, of Vancouver. For his second wife Mr. Gibb chose Miss Lilly Megrath,
a daughter of John and Elizabeth Megrath, the former a contractor of Seattle.
There is one child of this marriage, Mary Elizabeth. The family residence,
which is an attractive one, is at No. 305 Eleventh avenue, West. The family
attend the Presbyterian church and in politics Mr. Gibb is a liberal. He finds
pleasure and recreation in motoring, and the business position to which he has 

DAVID GIBB 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 277 

attained now leaves him more leisure for those things which are a matter of
interest and enjoyment to him. Diligence and determination gained him a promi-
nence in building and financial circles, and while he was promoting his individual
interests he also contributed in large measure to the progress and prosperity of
Vancouver and this part of the province, manifesting at all times a public-spirited
citizenship. 

JOSEPH FREDERICK NOBLE. 

Joseph Frederick Noble is a member of the firm of Mather & Noble, Ltd.,
conducting business as general financial agents and real-estate and stock brokers.
With a nature that could never be content with mediocrity, he has ever fared
forth, never neglecting opportunities and utilizing the advantages which have
been his for the achievement of honorable success and the attainment of prom-
inence in his chosen field. He has lived in Vancouver since 1903, and is of
Canadian birth, the place of his nativity being Brampton, Ontario, and the date
March 18, 1879. H* 3 parents were Thomas and Janet (Aitkman) Noble. He
passed through consecutive grades in the grammar schools of Brampton, attended
the high school there, and later took up the profession of teaching, which he fol-
lowed for three years. He then engaged in the advertising business in Toronto,
and in 1903 arrived in Vancouver, where he continued in the same field of
activity under the name of the Noble Advertising Agency, Ltd. In this con-
nection he conducted an extensive business. In 1907, in association with R. A.
Mather, he formed the firm of Mather & Noble, Ltd., of which he became vice
president, and so continues to the present time. In 1909 he disposed of his adver-
tising business to devote his entire attention to the interests of the present
company. They are general financial agents and real-estate and stock brokers,,
and their standing in this field is among the most prominent. Knowledge of
every phase of the business, knowledge that is comprehensive and exact, forms
the basis of their success, and added thereto is notable energy, diligence and
perseverance. At various times and including the present Mr. Noble has been
connected with other financial and commercial enterprises. 

In 1903 occurred the marriage of Mr. Noble and Miss Annie Maude Large, a
daughter of A. Large, who for thirty-seven years was postmaster at Poole,
Ontario. They have one child, a son. Mr. and Mrs. Noble hold membership
in the Methodist church and he exercises the right of franchise' in support of
men and measures of the conservative party. 

JOHN DEASE BELL. 

John Dease Bell represents the firm of Pemberton & Son as manager of the
Vancouver branch of their business. The company is well known as general
financial agents, specializing in first mortgage loans, and in this connection Mr.
Bell has become well known in the financial circles of his adopted city. He is of
Canadian birth, a native of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, born December 8, 1877.
The name Dease was given him in honor of Peter Warren Dease, the Arctic
explorer, who was his great-grandfather. His parents were Peter Warren Went-
worth and Ellen Sarah (Dupont) Bell. The father was for forty-seven years
in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company, entering its service as a boy with
Lord Strathcona, at which time they were stationed at Ungava Bay on the
Labrador coast. Gradually he advanced in that connection until he became
chief factor and inspector, thus becoming one of the prominent representatives
of the company. 

278 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

John D. Bell was educated at Trinity College School at Port Hope, Ontario,
a preparatory school, and when he made his initial step in the business world
became an employe of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, remaining with that
institution for about fifteen years. He was employed by them at different
places and in various capacities, remaining with the bank until February, 1908,
when he took charge of the Vancouver branch for the firm of Pemberton & Son,
and still remains in this connection. While the firm conducts business as general
financial agents, they have specialized in first mortage loans. His activities in
this direction have made Mr. Bell well known in the business circles of the city
and his contemporaries and colleagues have found him resourceful, energetic,
capable and enterprising. He is also widely known as president of the Ardley
Land Company, Limited, of Vancouver. 

On the i8th of September, 1905, at Dawson City, Yukon, Mr. Bell was
united in marriage to Miss Elsie MacFarlane, a daughter of Roderick and Mary
MacFarlane. Her father was with the Hudson's Bay Company for more than
forty years and is the author of a most interesting volume, entitled "Through
the Mackenzie Basin." In his politcal connections Mr. Bell is a conservative,
while his social relations are with the Western Club of Vancouver. He is well
known in the city, where he has gained an extensive circle of warm friends. 

CHARLES ROBERT DRAYTON. 

Charles Robert Drayton, recognized as one of the foremost authorities on val-
ues in British Columbia, there being no better informed man on the subject in the
province, is managing director of the Vancouver Financial Corporation, Ltd., of
which he is also one of the founders. He was born in Barbados, West Indies,
July 10, 1872, a son of Philip Henry Drayton, K. C., and Margaret (Covernton)
Drayton. The father was an officer of the English army but resigned his com-
mission in 1874 and came to Canada, settling in Toronto, where he took up the
practice of law and so continues to the present time. He is a king's counsel, is very
prominent in the profession and is official arbitrator for the city of Toronto. H. L.
Drayton, K. C., a brother of C. R. Drayton, is the present chairman of the Gov-
ernment Railway Managing Board. 

Charles R. Drayton supplemented his preliminary education, acquired in pri-
vate schools of England, by study in the Upper Canada College at Toronto, and
later entered the employ of what afterward became the Canadian Permanent Loan
Company of Toronto in the capacity of office boy. His rise with that corporation
was rapid. He was advanced through intermediate positions until he eventually
became western inspector and so continued for twenty years, his position being
one of large responsibility and importance. This work carried him into all parts
of western Canada and familiarized him with values in all sections of the country.
The work involved rough and arduous experiences at times, as in the early days
transportation was primative. While the main lines of the railroad had been built
the work necessitated driving in a buggy almost every foot of the country from
Toronto to the Pacific coast. His duties at length brought him to Vancouver in
1904, since which time he has been a resident of this city. He continued with the
Canadian Permanent Loan Company until 1908, when desiring that his labors
should more directly benefit himself he resigned his position and joined E. J.
Enthoven in organizing the Vancouver Financial Corporation, Ltd., of which he
became managing director and so continues. This has become one of the strong
moneyed institutions of the province, and its unassailable reputation and large
business interests are the direct result of the enterprise, business management and
well formulated plans of Mr. Drayton and his partner. The beginning of the
business was small. A little room was secured and the company started to estab-
lish a clientage. Their worth as factors in financial circles soon became recognized,
the number of their clients increased, and today a large volume of business is 

ERNEST EBBAGE 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 269 

grown and strengthened as the years have passed by. They were born within
eight miles of each other, attended the Acton public school together, and from
that time have been the warmest of friends. They left Ontario about the same
time, Mr. Orr going to New York city and Mr. Ebbage to Montana. After being
apart for many years and having no idea as to the whereabouts of each other,
they met one day, after each had been in Vancouver but a short time, in Mclntyre's
cafe. That was in April, 1909. Both became interested in the real-estate business
in this city and decided to join their interests. The present partnership was
formed, as previously stated, in January, 1913. They now have a large clientage
and the business is growing so that they have won a place among the leading
real-estate men of the city. 

In Butte, Montana, Mr. Ebbage was married to Miss Pearle L. Eaton, of Des
Moines, Iowa, a daughter of Harrison A. Eaton, a lumber merchant and pioneer
of that city. The three children of this marriage are Elizabeth, Ernestine and
Raymund. Mr. Ebbage is a member of the Terminal City Club, British Columbia
Golf and Country Club, and during his residence in Vancouver has won a wide
circle of friends. Both partners are enterprising young business men, watchful
of opportunity, active and determined in meeting and overcoming obstacles, and
with resolute spirit working their way steadily upward to success. 

EDWARD JULIUS FALCH. 

Edward Julius Falch occupies an important position in New Westminster as
proprietor of the Royal City Hotel, which establishment he has conducted for
about fourteen years. After an interesting career, in many respects stranger than
fiction, he settled in New Westminster and has here attained a success which
ranks him with the substantial men of his community. His material attainments
are the more commendable as they have been achieved entirely through his own
efforts and in such a way as to cast not the slightest shadow of wrong upon his
record. He was born in Norway on January 27, 1872, a son of Edward and Julia
(Neerland) Falch, natives of the Norse kingdom, where the father died in 1889
and the mother still makes her home. 

Edward J. Falch remained in his native country until he had passed his four-
teenth birthday, acquiring his education largely under private instruction from his
father, who was a man of learning and who during his lifetime held a number of
important government posts. In 1886 Edward J. Falch set out for himself with
the desire to see the world and to find his opportunity. Leaving Norway, he went
to South Shields-on-Tyne, England, whence he shipped before the mast as a sea-
man on a coast-going vessel plying along the English and French coast and
through the Mediterranean to the Holy Land. On that occasion he visited Jeru-
salem. He subsequently sailed to Glasgow, thence to Liverpool and from there
to Ireland. About 1888 he shipped aboard the sailing vessel Albion at Liverpool
for Portland, the voyage consuming one hundred and seventy-two days. Landing
Portland, he left the ship and proceeded to Tillamook bay, where he was em-
ployed for some time at pile driving, but later returned to Portland. There he
remained but a short time, however, then making his way northward to Seattle,
coming a fortnight later to British Columbia. Finding employment in Vancouver
at cutting shingles, he was so engaged in 1890 in a location which is now the end
of Hastings street. At that time he cut a cedar tree on East Hastings which
measured eleven feet across and it took him four days to bring down the tree.
It furnished twenty-eight cords of shingle bolts, which statement will give an idea
of the enormous size of the forest trees. That winter he spent in the timber land
and in the following spring went to Steveston, purchasing an outfit for salmon
fishing, but typhoid fever overtook him and prevented the conclusion of his affairs.
He was ill during the greater part of the summer. What money he had saved was
used for medical attention and when he was ready to engage in work again his 

270 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

funds were reduced to a minimum. However, he held to his purpose and en-
gaged in fishing, continuing in that business successfully for ten years, or until
the Japanese became so numerous that the business turned out to be unprofitable.
During this time Mr. Falch sold one spring's catch for more than four thousand
dollars, receiving between one and one-quarter and one and one-half cents per
pound. He also caught many large sturgeon, one of which tipped the scales at the
remarkable weight of eight hundred and sixty-four pounds. In 1901 Mr. Falch
came to New Westminster and, perceiving an opportunity to establish an up-to-
date hotel, built the present Royal City Hotel, which he has made one of the most
popular of the city. It is modern and equipped with all the conveniences of the
day, its clientage being representative and of a high class. Mr. Falch is a born
host, a genial entertainer and never fails to give the closest attention to even the
smallest detail of his business to assure his guests of the greatest comforts. 

In 1903 Mr. Falch was united in marriage to Miss Maud Batt, by whom he
had two children. His wife and children have since passed away. In May, 1908,
he married Miss Annie Lawrence, of Dundee, Scotland, and to them were born
two daughters, Edna Annie Hendricka and Margaret Julia. Fraternally Mr.
Falch is connected with the Eagles. He is an enthusiastic sportsman and said to
be the best informed man in British Columbia as regards waterways and the
haunts of game. Every year in November he spends the entire month in hunting
and fishing, taking with him from six to twelve friends who are his guests on the
trip. His hunting scow is fitted with all conveniences and it is needless to say that
he makes these trips memorable to those who are his guests. Everything that can
contribute to their well-being is provided and he always hires one of the best cooks
obtainable to prepare the meals of the party. For weeks tramps are made to the
wildest parts of the mountain fastnesses and many times they travel with their
packs on their backs and guns in hand, passing through the finest and most won-
derful scenery in the world. Although public-spirited and progressive, Mr. Falch
has never cared to actively participate in the public life of his city, although he
takes a deep interest in all worthy enterprises affecting the welfare of the public.
By his activities he has largely promoted growth and expansion and, while he has
attained personal prosperity, has been a serviceable factor in bringing about the
prosperous conditions that now prevail in New Westminster. 

JAMES BEVERIDGE. 

Prominent among the enterprising, progressive and representative business
men of Vancouver is James Beveridge, who is conducting an extensive, growing
and profitable business as an importer of teas, coffees and spices under the name
of William Braid & Company. Step by step he has worked his way upward in
commercial circles, being dependent upon his own resources from the age of
sixteen years and achieving his success by reason of close application, capable
management and honorable dealing. Today the business is one of notable mag-
nitude, having been carefully developed along progressive lines, its growth being
due also to the fine quality of the goods carried. 

Mr. Beveridge was born in Murton, Northumberland, England, December 8,
1856, a son of William and Hannah (Hogg) Beveridge, the former a farmer of
Northumberland. Until sixteen years of age James Beveridge remained upon
his father's farm and during that period acquired his education in Davidson's
parish school at Thornton. He then went to Newcastle-on-Tyne, where he
made his initial step in the business world in connection with the grocery trade.
After serving his apprenticeship in an establishment of that character he con-
tinued as an employe in the retail trade until he became traveling salesman for
the importing house of James Gall & Company, of Glasgow, with whom he
remained until 1891, when he resigned and went to San Francisco, California.
He then became traveling salesman for the importing and manufacturing firm 

JAMES BEVERIDGE 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 273 

of A. Schilling & Company of that city but after two years came to British
Columbia in 1894 as traveling representative for the same firm with headquarters
in Victoria, covering the territory of British Columbia. He remained with the
firm of A. Schilling & Company until 1895, when they wished him to return to the
United States, but preferring to reside on this side of the border he resigned his
position. In that year he became associated with the wholesale tea, colfee and
spice house of William Braid & Company, of Vancouver, acting as their travel-
ing representative in British Columbia for a decade or until 1904, when he
became a partner in the business. After that time he only went upon the road
for an occasional trip. As a commercial salesman he was one of the best and
most successful in the business, was thoroughly acquainted with the trade, and
his energy, enterprise and diligence, combined with an agreeable manner and
geniality, made him popular with those with whom he had dealings and con-
tributed much to the success of the house which he represented. After pur-
chasing an interest in the firm of William Braid & Company he bent his energies
to administrative direction and executive control of the business in Vancouver,
introduced enterprising methods, kept in touch with the trend of commercial
activity and by careful management developed the trade to large proportions.
In January, 1912, he purchased the interests of Mr. William Braid in the busi-
ness and is now sole proprietor. Since starting out on his own account he has
made continuous progress, never fearing to venture where favoring opportunity
led the way and making the most of each advantage as it has arisen. The under-
taking of which he is now sole proprietor is one of the largest and most promi-
nent in this line in western Canada. Its territory covers the provinces of British
Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan and Yukon territory, and its importation
and sales have reached mammoth proportions. Mr. Beveridge is himself an
expert in judging teas and coffees. The special brands of the house are Braid's
Best tea, Braid's Best coffee and Big Four coffee. An extensive business in the
manufacture of extracts is also carried on, all of the products being scientifically
and carefully prepared, the latest improved processes, methods and machinery
being used. The genuine bourbon vanilla bean is imported and their vanilla
extract is percolated in barrels, it requiring from three to five months to mature.
The lemon extract is also carefully filtered and all of the processes used are of
the most improved and thoroughly modern kind. The building occupied by the
business is six stories in height and contains over fifty thousand square feet in
floor space. They carry the largest stock of coffee in Canada and keep in stock
a sufficient amount to make fifty million cups of coffee. Their annual trade
amounts to eleven hundred tons of coffee and their roasting capacity is one
thousand pounds every half an hour. This indicates, at least in part, something
of the nature and extent of the business which under the careful direction and
guidance of Mr. Beveridge has been built up to its present mammoth and grati-
fying proportions, showing Mr. Beveridge to be a man of splendid business
ability. He certainly deserves much credit for what he has accomplished and
his example should serve to inspire and stimulate others to follow the same hon-
orable course that he has pursued. 

In 1884 Mr. Beveridge was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Agnes Lis-
ter, a daughter of George L. Lister, a carpenter and building contractor of Dur-
ham county, England. Their children are George Lister, William Wentworth,
Helen Maud, John Sydney and Minnie. Mr. Beveridge holds membership in
the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is also a member of the Vancouver
Board of Trade and cooperates heartily in its various projects for the growth
and development of the 'city. In fact he has taken an active and helpful part in
many movements for the benefit of Vancouver and British Columbia and his
public-spirited citizenship is never called into question. He votes with the liberal
party but has never been very active in politics, preferring that his labors should
be directed along other lines. He is a man of broad humanitarian principles and
his spirit of benevolence has found tangible evidence many times. He is chair-
man of the board of managers of Westminster Hall and at one time was presi- 

274 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

dent of the Sailors and Loggers Society. He was also the first president of the
Young Men's Christian Association. He is a devout member and elder. of the
Kitsalano Presbyterian church and president of the Presbyterian brotherhood,
while he is also a member of the Presbytery and Synod of British Columbia.
No good work done in the name of charity or religion seeks his aid in vain.
His philanthropy and his Christianity are as large a part of his daily life as is his
business. He stands today as a representative of the merchant to whom com-
mercial interests are but one phase of life and do not exclude his active partici-
pation in and support of the other vital interests which go to make up human
existence. 

WILLIAM N. O'NEIL. 

William N. O'Neil has built up a business in builders' supplies that o'ertops all
other enterprises of its character in Vancouver. The secret of his success is not
hard to find: it lies in his energy, determination, watchfulness and reliability
qualities which any might cultivate and which never fail to win advancement and
deserved success. Mr. O'Neil is a native of Brampton, Ontario, born July 23,
1874, his parents being John M. and Jane Elizabeth (Long) O'Neil, the former a
native of Ireland and the latter of Ontario. The father made farming his life
work, and both he and his wife remained residents of Ontario until their life's
labors were ended in death. 

In the public schools of his native province William N. O'Neil pursued his
education, but his opportunities were somewhat limited, owing to the fact that
he was early thrown upon his own resources, having made his way in the world
unaided from the age of fourteen years. Whatever success he has achieved and
enjoyed is the direct result of his perseverance and capability. He continued
a resident of Toronto until the spring of 1898, when he came to British Columbia,
where he established his present business in the same year. For fifteen years
he has now been a dealer in builders' supplies of this city. He became manufac-
turers' agent for a number of articles, and from that beginning- gradually built 

262 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

up the business until in January, 1912, it was incorporated under the name of
William N. O'Neil & Company, Ltd., of which he is president and manager.
Associated with him in the business are H. J. Wade, J. A. Goode and W. J. Risk.
They also have a subsidiary company in Victoria and they handle a full line of
building materials, including hardwood flooring, paints, oils, grates, mantels, tile,
glazed brick, terra cotta, etc., having the finest assortment and display of these
materials in the province and probably in western Canada. The business has
steadily grown along well defined lines in keeping with the progressive spirit of
commerce, and Mr. O'Neil's capable management, keen discernment and ability
to wisely use every opportunity have brought him his success. 

On the 5th of July, 1902, in Vancouver, Mr. O'Neil was united in marriage
to Miss B. V. Riach, of Hamilton, Ontario, and they have one child, Kathleen.
Mr. and Mrs. O'Neil are members of the Chalmers Presbyterian church, and the
former holds membership in the Commercial, Progress and Vancouver Auto-
mobile Clubs. He is also connected with the Board of Trade and is in hearty
sympathy with its projects for the improvement of the city. His interests are
broad and varied. He looks at life from the standpoint of a liberal-minded man,
who takes cognizance of conditions and possibilities and works toward improve-
ment along all the lines of material, intellectual and moral advancement, keeping
ever in view the points of municipal welfare. 

JOSEPH WILSON McCALLUM. 

Joseph Wilson McCallum is a representative business man of New West-
minster and during the last twenty-eight years his work has been effective in the
attainment of great results in the development of British Columbia. He has
resided in this province since 1883 an d his energy and ability as an organizer and
director have since been in evidence, ever constituting an element in the progress
and welfare of the northwest. Mr. McCallum is a native of Nova Scotia and
was born July 4, 1854. He represents one of the old Canadian families. His
parents were William and Martha McCallum, both of whom were born, reared,
educated and spent their entire lives in Nova Scotia. 

In the acquirement of his early education Joseph W. McCallum attended
the grammar schools of his native city, and afterward prepared for a business
career by taking a course as a general accountant. At the age of twenty he went
to Boston, Massachusetts, where he engaged in the express and drayage busi-
ness until July, 1883, when he was caught by the lure of the west and came to
New Westminster, British Columbia. In those days employment was not of a
very diversified kind nor was it possible for the ambitious young man to wait for
a choice of work. Mr. McCallum took anything that offered that would yield
him an honest living. He engaged as a driver with H. Elliot, one of the pioneers
of New Westminster, but, anxious to advance, he was awake to all opportunities
and utilized every means at hand to promote his progress in a business way. For
a time he tried blacksmithing under Walter Blackie, and in 1885 -he secufed a
farm in Surrey which he cultivated and improved until 1896. He was then
attracted by the upper country and with many others entered upon the quest for
gold in the mining regions of the north. He prospected in the Kootenay and
Boundary districts for six years when, the fascination of the gold fields losing its
charm, he went to Salmon Arm, where he embarked in the real-estate business.
After locating there he opened a general store and as his sterling qualities became
known and recognized he found his business increasing to such proportions that
it was impossible to give to the different departments all the attention they
required, so that he disposed of a portion of the business. In 1908 he sold out
altogether in Salmon Arm and again located on the coast. He afterward removed
to Abbottsford and has divided his time and attention between Abbottsford and
New Westminster to the present day. He has a factory in the east end of the 

JOSEPH W. McCALLUM 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 265 

latter city where he is now engaged in making cement blocks and plastic floor-
ing. This has become one of the important industries of the city and in its suc-
cessful control Mr. McCallum is proving his worth as a business man. He has
been closely identified with the development of the Surrey district. Public-
spirited and enterprising, he has ever endeavored to advance the interests of
this part of the country and his labors are effective and far-reaching. 

In 1876 occurred the marriage of Mr. McCallum and Miss Elizabeth McDon-
ald, of Nova Scotia, and unto them have been born four children : John, of Van-
couver; Mrs. Annie Edson, of Vancouver; Martha, of Spokane, Washington;
and Alexander, of New Westminster. Politically Mr. McCallum is of that inde-
pendent class who give their allegiance to the party or to the measure which in
their estimation will best promote the welfare, upbuilding and progress of coun-
try or district. Although no longer a young man he still continues his interest in
athletics, is devoted to outdoor sports and is particularly fond of lacrosse, of
horse racing, boating and hunting. Through his activities, well directed and
honorable, he has gained the respect and confidence of the citizens of every
community in which he has resided. 

Aside from business Mr. McCallum has figured to some extent in public
affairs. He served for one term as reeve of Salmon Arm and three years as
councilman in Surrey. He is and has been prominent in agricultural circles and
for several years was a director of the Westminster Agricultural Society. The
cause of education has ever found in him a friend and while in Surrey he acted
as a school trustee. He is an Odd Fellow and that he is interested in the moral
progress of the community is indicated by his membership in the Young Men's
Christian Association, in the work of which he takes an active and helpful part. 

GEORGE W. GILLEY. 

No word of praise or eulogy, no sentence of criticism can alter the life
record of one who has gone, but the story truly told contains a lesson that others
may learn and profit by. If it be the story of an honest man whose natural gifts
were used for the betterment of his home community, or in a yet wider sphere, for
the benefit of his fellowmen, it may serve to encourage and inspire others, indi-
cating the possibilities that lie before the individual and demonstrating what may
be accomplished through personal effort and ambition intelligently directed. Such
a career was that of George W. Gilley of New Westminster and for many years
one of its foremost citzens. He aided in building up this city and contributed to
its importance, traveling a path of usefulness and honor. His start in life was
but humble, so that without any special advantages to aid him at the outset of
his career, he worked his way upward by the sheer force of his character and a
natural ability, despite obstacles and serious hindrances. Born in St. Andrews,
New Brunswick, on April 2, 1852, George W. Gilley was a son of George and
Mary Gilley, both of St. Andrews, where they passed away. George Gilley was a
wharf builder and ship carpenter and well and favorably known in his home
community. His son, our subject, was reared there, but his education was very
slight. In fact he received only a few months of schooling in all. However, he
was a young man of extraordinary intellect and quick perception and learned
much by self-study and from life's experiences. When he was only twenty-one
years of age he already had charge of a large force of bridge builders, and from
this early age was prominent in contracting and bridge and wharf building. His
powers of mental calculation were wonderful and he was able to solve the most
complex problems in his head and used to employ that method in giving figures on
the largest contracts, one of which aggregated to a total of sixty thousand dollars.
His absolute reliability is shown by the fact that the difference between him and
competing bidders was but one hundred and fifty dollars on this large work. 

266 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

In May, 1878, Mr. Gilley came to British Columbia, locating at Jericho, in
which city he accepted employment with Jerry Rogers, doing carpenter work.
Later he became captain of the steam tug Maggie, towing logs for the Hastings
mill, and after the death of Mr. Rogers in 1879 continued as captain of the tug
in the employ of the Hastings mill people for about a year. After that period
he came to New Westminster and successfully engaged in pile driving and
wharf building, having contracts for most of the wharfs on the Fraser river in
those early days. Gradually his business connections extended and he success-
fully followed his occupation until his death, which occurred on the 4th of
November, 1904. Not only was he a witness of the transformation that took
place in New Westminster but an active and cooperatant factor in promoting
its advancement and his work was a serviceable force in the upbuilding of
the city. 

On August 27, 1873, Mr. Gilley was united in marriage, at St. George, New
Brunswick, to Miss Susan McCormick, a native of St. George and a daughter
of Joseph McCormick, the latter born in the north of Ireland, and Matilda
(Davis) McCormick, a native of the north of England. The mother died in
New Brunswick in January, 1887, but the father is still living there at the
advanced age of eighty-seven years, highly esteemed and respected. He is an old
veteran of the Fenian raid. To Mr. and Mrs. Gilley no children were born, but
they adopted a daughter, Eva B., whom they reared to young womanhood and
who is an inseparable companion of her mother. 

Mr. Gilley was a genial, whole-souled man, whose purse was always open to
the needy, and all who come in contact with him were his friends and admirers.
He was always foremost in any movement for the progress and advancement of
New Westminster, glad to bear his share, when called upon, to further any
worthy enterprise. He was a member of the blue lodge of Masons and the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mrs. Gilley is a member of the Rebekahs,
and both she and Miss Eva are members of St. Paul's Reformed Episcopal
church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest. A man
of character and achievement, the memory of Mr. Gilley is reverently cherished
not only by his immediate family but by many friends who gave him their full
confidence on account of his honorable and manly qualities. 

ERNEST EBBAGE. 

Ernest Ebbage, president of Orr & Ebbage, Limited, was born in Acton, On-
tario, April 20, 1876, his parents being Thomas and Anne (Overton) Ebbage,
the former a native of Ontario and the latter of England. His father was for
many years engaged in the lumber business in Acton, where both he and his wife
still reside, and there the son pursued his education, being a schoolmate of Lewis
D. Orr, who is now his partner. At the age of fourteen years he started out in*
the business world as an employe in the office of the Acton Free Press, in which
he learned the printing trade. In 1897 he went to Butte, Montana, and remained
in that city and in the interior of the state, where he was engaged in newspaper
work, until 1905. He then turned his attention to the real-estate business in
Butte, making his initial effort in the field in which he is now meeting with sub-
stantial success. He continued in the business there until 1907, when he crossed
the border and again became a Canadian resident, locating in Calgary and after-
ward at Kelowna, where he spent one year. Early in 1909 he came to Vancouver,
where he has since been engaged in the real-estate business, and in 1912 he opened
an office in North Vancouver. On the ist of January, 1913, he formed a partner-
ship with his schoolmate and boyhood friend, Lewis D. Orr, under the present
firm style of Orr & Ebbage, Limited, with offices at No. 508 Dunsmuir street, while
his North Vancouver office now serves as a branch establishment for the company.
The friendship formed between the two partners in their childhood days has 

PETER F. SHEEHAN. 

It seems that the lower ranks of life are overcrowded and that it is a true,
although somewhat trite, saying that "there is always room at the top." The great
majority seem not to possess the ambition or the ability to reach positions of leader-
ship, but here and there are found men who are willing to pay the price of close
application, unflagging industry and unfaltering perseverance in order to win
success. Such a man is Peter F. Sheehan, of Vancouver, well known as a prom-
inent representative of timber interests in British Columbia. He was born at East
Tawas, Michigan, on Saginaw Bay, July 25, 1873, and is a son of Timothy and
Ellen (O'Connell) Sheehan, the former a native of Peterboro, Ontario, and the
latter of London, Ontario. They were married in Saginaw, Michigan, and are
numbered among the pioneer residents of the east Saginaw district, having settled
there in the '6os. They now reside at Bay City, Michigan, which has been their
home for the past quarter of a century. Mr. Sheehan is now retired, but was for
many years connected with the Michigan Land & Lumber Company, and with the
Morgan Land & Lumber Company, of both of which he was general manager.
He also had numerous personal holdings aside from his financial connection with
those companies. Although Michigan was his place of residence from 1888 until
1906, all of his business operations were in Ontario. 

Peter F. Sheehan pursued his education in the St. James parochial school of
Bay City, Michigan, and at the age of fifteen years entered into his father's
employ in the lumber business and was connected with him for sixteen years,
gaining thorough, comprehensive and expert knowledge along the lines with which
he is still connected. All of his work during that period was in Ontario, where he
was inspecting timber, and he was in charge of various operations for these com-
panies, the duties of which required a thoroughly experienced and capable man-
ager. From 1906 until the early part of 1909 Mr. Sheehan was with the Port
Blakeley Mill Company, of Port Blakeley, Washington, which, up to the time of
its destruction by fire, was the largest mill in the world. The importance and 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 257 

extent of his operations in connection with various departments of the timber
and lumber trade largely made him an authority upon different phases of the
business. In May, 1909, he came to Vancouver and a few months afterwards
entered the employ of the Fraser River Lumber Company, now the Canadian
Western Lumber Company, and remained a year and a half. In 1910, in connec-
tion with John Duffy, he opened a timber office in the Fairfield building, which
they continued until the completion of the Pacific building, where they have since
occupied a well appointed suite of rooms. In 1913 they were joined in business
by H. O. Dempster, B. Sc., C. E., B. C. L. S., O. L. S., the firm now being known
as Sheehan, Duffy & Dempster. The third partner is an expert surveyor, being
retained by the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario as official surveyor.
The company is engaged in inspecting and surveying timber and timber lands for
clients. They have a large consultation practice among persons wishing to buy
or sell and who before entering into negotiations for disposing of or purchasing
property wish to have expert advice and reliable statistics. Among their clients
are some of the largest firms on the Pacific coast. This is the only organized
company in the province conducting a business of this nature, and there opinions
and reports are considered as authority. Both Mr. Sheehan and Mr. Duffy have
made a life work of the timber an.d lumber business, having had many years
experience in this line, and as Mr. Dempster has won an enviable record as a
surveyor it can be readily understood that the company is well fitted for the
business in which it is engaged. 

Mr. Sheehan is independent in politics. He is a member of St. Patrick's
Catholic church and of the Knights of Columbus. Owing to the importance and
extent of his business,, his time and attention are chiefly concentrated thereon,
yet all who meet him find him a courteous, friendly gentleman, kindly and affable
in manner and, as someone has expressed it, "with a heart and mind as big as he
is." Substantial and commendable traits of character, as well as business discern-
ment and capable management have been important elements in his success. 

JOHN HALES SWEET. 

One of the barristers in Vancouver and one of the most progressive and
public-spirited men in the city is John Hales Sweet, practicing at the bar as a
member of the firm of Bond & Sweet. He was born in Dalhousie, New Bruns-
wick, on the 1 3th of October, 1878, and is a son of Rev. John Hales Sweet and
Mrs. Sweet, who was in her maidenhood Miss Eva Janet Vial. The father was
)rn in London, England, and was educated for the ministry at St. Augustin's
"heological College at Canterbury, from which he was graduated in 1870. Imme-
liately afterward he came to Canada, taking up his ministerial work at Stone-
im, Quebec, whence he went to New Carlisle and then to Paspebiac. He was
iter stationed at Dalhousie, New Brunswick, until 1880, in which year he was
;nt to Newcastle, that province, where he remained until 1895. From New-
istle he went to Victoria, British Columbia, and there became rector of St.
fames parish, in which capacity he still continues, doing a great deal of earnest,
>ncentrated and beneficial work. 

In the acquirement of an education John Hales Sweet attended Harkin's
academy at Newcastle, New Brunswick, and afterward entered the University of
lew Brunswick, at Fredericton, from which he was graduated with the degree of
5. A. in 1899. Immediately afterward he joined his father at Victoria and took up
the study of law with the firm of Bodwell & Duff, being called to the bar of this
province in 1902. He began the active practice of his profession in Victoria, where
he remained until 1904, when he came to Vancouver, forming a partnership with
Lambert Bond under the firm name of Bond & Sweet, a connection which he
still retains. 

258 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

During his residence in Victoria, Mr. Sweet was lieutenant in the Fifth Regi-
ment, Canadian Artillery, and in Vancouver he aided in organizing the United
Service Club, although he has since resigned his membership. He belongs to
the Western and Canadian Clubs and is a member of the Anglican church. He is
a conservative in his political beliefs and has been active in the work of the local
party organization. 

WILLIAM JOHN KERR. 

William John Kerr is essentially a British Columbian, one of the type that has
in it that crystallized spirit of the west which has been such a potent factor in
the rapid and stable development of this great province. Endowed with a mag-
netic personality, untiring energy, sound judgment, a quick grasp of business af-
fairs and an accurate judgment of men, Mr. Kerr possesses all the qualifications
necessary to conduct any legitimate enterprise to a successful issue. He has be-
come one of the foremost real-estate men of the province and is equally well
known in commercial circles. In both connections he has manifested a spirit of
enterprise and initiative that has long since led him to pass beyond the ranks of
the many and stand among the successful few. Born in Heathcote, Ontario, on
May 24, 1877, to Robert and Mary Kerr (nee Waudby), W. J. Kerr is descended
from the early settlers of Ontario, his paternal and maternal grandparents being
the pioneers of Boulton, near Toronto. 

Son of a farmer, and himself a close student of nature, Mr. Kerr in his early
years had exceptional opportunities for acquiring that practical knowledge of
agriculture that was to stand him in such good stead later in life, when he had be-
come the directing head of a large real-estate concern on the Pacific coast. But,
like many other sons of the soil, he was not content to remain on the farm, and
when yet in his early teens he set out to see the world and seek his fortune. 

Calgary was the first city to attract him. This was in 1892, when the Foot-
hills city was still in its infancy and retained much of its wild-west ways. From
Calgary young Kerr went north to Edmonton, and then spending a short time in
the different towns in the interior, he gradually made his way to Vancouver, arriv-
ing there in 1897, on his twentieth birthday. 

At that time Vancouver was thronged with men bound to the recently dis-
covered gold fields of the Klondike. Stories of great fortunes made and lost
in a day were on every tongue. The lure of the north proved irresistible, and
from 1898 to 1902 Mr. Kerr mushed and mined in the frozen northland. Fortune
failed to reward him, however, and he returned to the coast richer only in ex-
perience and knowledge. 

From 1902 to 1905 Mr. Kerr engaged in various commercial enterprises in
Vancouver, Everett (Wash.), Chilliwack and other cities. In the spring of 1905
he opened a real-estate and auctioneer's office in New Westminster, conducting
the two vocations for the next couple of years. 

Real-estate, however, soon required his entire attention, and he laid aside the
auctioneer's hammer. He early foresaw the great demand that was assured for
small fruit and poultry farms in the Fraser valley and was one of the first to sub-
divide large tracts of cleared land into five-acre parcels, 'selling this on long term
payments. His success in successfully placing industrious settlers on the land has
been almost phenomenal and can be better appreciated when one realizes that he
has had over one hundred and fifty employes on his pay roll at one time. His
branch offices are to be found in Vancouver, Coquitlam, Calgary and Winnipeg,
while in eighteen other cities leading firms act as his representatives. 

Mr. Kerr has the reputation of being the heaviest individual advertiser in
western Canada, and he himself attributes much of his business success to a gen-
erous use of printer's ink. Early in 1913 Mr. Kerr conceived the idea of estab-
lishing a chain of cash grocery stores in western Canada, and promoted a com- 

WILLIAM J. KKRR 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 261 

pany for the purpose of operating such stores in Winnipeg, Brandon, Regma,
Moose Jaw, Medicine Hat, Calgary, Edmonton, Nelson, Revelstoke, Kamloops,
Vernon, New Westminster, Vancouver, Victoria and Nanaimo. The Dominion
Stores, Limited, as the company is known, is capitalized at a million dollars. Mr.
Kerr is one of the heaviest investors in this enterprise. 

Outside of his business activities Mr. Kerr is best known for his interest in
the good roads movement. He was largely instrumental in forming the Cana-
dian Highways Association in 1911 and was elected its first president, an honor
which was again conferred on him at the second convention, held in Winnipeg
in 1912. As the active head of this organization, which had for its patron His
Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, governor-general of Canada, and a mem-
bership extending from coast to coast, Mr. Kerr is in a position to greatly help
the popular good roads movement, and he has not failed to do this. Largely due
to his assistance, Canada was for the first time crossed by automobile in 1912,
the trip being under the auspices of the association of which he is president. 

Prior to the formation of the Canadian Highways Association, Mr. Kerr was
for some years one of the vice presidents of the Pacific Highway Association, an
American-British Columbia organization with headquarters in Seattle. He has
also held the presidency of the New Westminster Automobile Club, having been
active in its formation and always one of its stanchest supporters. Prpgressive
movements have always found in him a strong supporter, and both the New
Westminster Board of Trade and the New Westminster Progressive Association
count him as one of their foremost members. 

Mr. Kerr has never taken a prominent part in the work of any secret society,
although he is a member of the Elks. He is also a member of the Westminster
Club. His marriage to Gertrude Medley, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William
Medley, of New Westminster, took place in that city on October 5, 1905. He has
no children. Such in brief is the life history of Mr. Kerr, whose business on every
occasion balances up with the principles of truth and honor, while his devotion to
the public good is a recognized feature in his career. He is the strong center of
the community in which he moves. He is forceful and resourceful in real-estate
and mercantile circles, and at the same time his breadth of view not only saw
possibilities for his own advancement but for the development of the province
and his lofty patriotism has prompted him to utilize the latter as quickly and as
effectively as the former. 

FRANCIS H. CUNNINGHAM 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 251 

Mr. Cunningham's fraternal relations are with the Masonic lodge and the
Independent Order of Foresters. He is also connected with the New West-
minster Club and his religious belief is that of the Methodist church. His home
life, which is pleasant, had its inception in his marriage, in September, 1885, to
Miss Florence Emily Bradley, a daughter of Samuel Bradley, who was a pioneer
of the county of Carleton, Ontario, and was interested for many years in the
lumber business. Their children are : Ethel Lucy, now the wife of C. E. Goodall,
of Ottawa; Henry Clifton; Hugh Stone; Francis Bradley; and Joseph Elliott. 

JAMES ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM. 

James Alexander Cunningham was a resident of British Columbia at a period
antedating the founding of Vancouver ; in fact, he is one of the native sons of the
province and has always remained within its borders. For a considerable period
he has continued in business in Vancouver, being managing director of the British
Columbia Refining Company, in which connection he controls important and
extensive interests. He was born at New Westminster, September 17, 1867, and is
a son of Thomas and Emily (Woodman) Cunningham, the former a native of the
north of Ireland and the latter of St. Thomas, Ontario. The father came from
the Emerald isle to the new world in his boyhood days, and after residing for some
time in Kingston, Ontario, came to British Columbia, making the journey by way
of the Isthmus route and up the Pacific coast. He went immediately to the
Cariboo, where he engaged in mining for a short time, but soon afterward came
to New Westminster, where in 1859 he established a general store. Gradually,
however, he closed out different lines and confined his attention exclusively to the
hardware trade, continuing in the business in that city until 1900, making a record
of forty years as a merchant in one town, so that his name is inseparably asso-
ciated with the history of its commercial development. For many years, how-
ever, he made a study of horticulture, gaining expert knowledge of the scientific
phases of the business, added to practical experience which he acquired. About
1900 he was prevailed upon by the provincial government to accept the position
of provincial horticulturist. His love for the work prompted him to undertake
this service, and he is still acceptably filling the position. His wife, Mrs. Emily
Cunningham, came from St. Thomas, Ontario, to British Columbia by way of
the Panama route in company with her sister, the wife of the Rev. Edward
White, who was the first Methodist missionary in British Columbia. They came
on the same ship with the late Hon. John Robson, ex-premier of British Columbia,
and in the year 1864 Miss Woodman became the wife of Thomas Cunningham in
New Westminster. She is well preserved and very active at the age of seventy-
two years and teaches a class in the Methodist Sunday school. 

In the public schools of his native city James A. Cunningham pursued his edu-
cation and was there a schoolmate of Sir Richard McBride, Judge F. W. Howay
and Hon. W. W. B. Mclnnes. Later he attended the Willamette University at
Salem, Oregon. He started in the business world in connection with the hard-
ware trade in New Westminster and for twenty-three years was manager of the
Cunningham Hardware Company. For twelve years of that period he also trav-
eled throughout British Columbia in the interests of the business, making a trip
each spring and fall. He sold to all the merchants at camps and trading posts
in the early days when nearly all the travel was by stage or private conveyance.
He always carried a gun, ready for an emergency, and many times he slept in the
open. It was not an unusual thing to kill game anywhere along the way, such was
the unsettled condition of the country. After his retirement from active con-
nection with the hardware trade Mr. Cunningham was for five years managing
director of the Western Steamboat Company, operating a line of steamers on the
Fraser river. He was also half owner in the Western Oil & Supply
Company. His prominence as a citizen and business man in New West- 

Vol. HI 9 

252 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

minster was further indicated in the fact that he was president of the
Board of Trade there in 1908 and 1909. He is still president of the Vulcan
Iron Works of New Westminster and is director of the British Columbia
Accident Insurance Company. Since 1910 he has been managing director
of the British Columbia Refining Company, to which he now gives his
undivided attention, and under his control the business has increased, becoming
an important productive industry. They bring the crude oil from California and
have a large refinery at Port Moody, refining fifteen hundred barrels of oil per
day and furnishing much of the fuel and refined oil that is used in the province.
This is the largest refinery in western Canada and the only asphalt refinery in
the Dominion. As is indicated, the business is one of extensive proportions, and
at its head as managing director is a man capable of controlling important and
complex interests, his guidance of its affairs being based upon a thorough under-
standing of conditions and sound judgment. He is, furthermore, connected with
various interests of a public or semi-public character. He is now a member of
the Board of Trade of New Westminster and belongs also to the Vancouver and
Canadian Manufacturers Association. Since 1906 he has been a justice of the
peace, and his military service covers almost a quarter of century as sergeant in
the Royal Artillery from 1885 until 1909. 

On the 26th of April, 1888, in New Westminster, Mr. Cunningham was mar-
ried to Miss Marion Lee De Beck, a daughter of Howard L. De Beck, a pioneer
lumber merchant of British Columbia. Mrs. Cunningham was born in Victoria,
and is therefore one of the native daughters of the province. She is a graduate
of the Ladies' College at Ottawa and is an accomplished pianist. Mr. and Mrs.
Cunningham have three children: Walter M., who has the distinction of being
the only native son of a native son and a native daughter of British Columbia ;
Evelyn Lee ; and Helen Muriel. 

Since age gave him the right of franchise Mr. Cunningham has taken an active
interest in politics and is now a member of the Conservative Club of New West-
minster. He is also a member of the New Westminster Club, and he belongs to
King Solomon Lodge, No. 17, A. F. & A. M., and to the Royal Arch Chapter. He
is likewise connected with the Hoo Hoos and in 191 1 was vicegerent snark. His
religious belief is that of the Methodist church. All who know Mr. Cunning-
ham and his friends are many speak of him in terms of high regard. A life-
long resident of the province, he has witnessed much of its development, his
memory going back to the days when the Pacific coast country was largely a
pioneer district and into various regions civilization had not yet penetrated.
There were great sections of unclaimed timber lands and undeveloped valley
lands. Mr. Cunningham rejoices in what has been accomplished as the years
have gone by and has borne his part in the work of improvement, his labors being
a service of signal usefulness in many ways. 

JAMES HENRY VIDAL. 

One of the most representative, able and successful men of New Westminster
is James Henry Vidal, who for twenty-four years has lived in the city, his activi-
ties touching and influencing many phases of municipal advancement. He is
engaged in the real-estate business and has built up an important and growing
patronage along this line. He was born on the 28th of March, 1864, in Sarnia,
Ontario, the fourth son of the late Senator Alex Vidal, of that city. 

James H. Vidal acquired his early education in the public schools of his native
community and afterward attended Upper Canada College in Toronto. After lay-
ing aside his books he entered the service of the Canadian Bank of Commerce
and after eight years and a half resigned his position to come west, arriving in
New Westminster in the spring of 1889. He has since that time thoroughly iden-
tified himself with the interests of the city and is known as one of the most sub- 

JAMES H. VIDAL 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 255 

stantial and public-spirited of the early settlers. At first, in common with a great
many others, he engaged in a variety of occupations, participating in the harvest-
ing of a "crop" of salmon during a "big year" at the original Phoenix cannery,
near Steveston. He was afterward appointed to the staff of the land registry
office, where he worked with signal success for over six years. Upon retiring from
government service he entered a new field of labor and for ten years thereafter
was identified with the daily and weekly British Columbian. At the end of that
time he was appointed justice of the peace and later turned his attention to the
real-estate business, joining a local firm in whose interests he conducted successful
operations for five years, eventually going into business for himself. He handles
a great deal of valuable property and by his sound judgment, his discrimination
and his keen business ability has made his enterprise profitable not only to himself
but to his clients also. 

During the twenty-four years he has lived in New Westminster Mr. Vidal
has identified himself with many of the enterprises affecting municipal growth
and advancement and the upbuilding of the neighboring sections. He assisted in
promoting the Fruit Growers Association, the British Columbia Live Stock Asso-
ciation and the British Columbia Dairymen's Association, and for over twenty
years has been an active member of the Royal Agricultural and Industrial Society
of British Columbia, of which he has been a director for many years. Always a
devotee of outdoor sports and fresh air exercise, he has entered with enthusiasm
into indoor sports also and has replaced the field sports of his eastern days by trap
shooting, cricket and rifle shooting. For three years he was secretary of the Gun
Club and took a leading part in two of the annual bench shows and was for one
year a gymnasium instructor in the Young Men's Christian Association. For
the last three years he has been captain of the Civilian Rifle Association and was
one of the founders of the New Westminster Chess Club. In club circles and in
general society he is well known and prominent but is not affiliated with any
secret organization. He is a liberal conservative in his political beliefs and has
filled various offices in the local association, being now vice president for the city
of New Westminster. Thus far, however, he has taken no active part in municipal
government, preferring to concentrate his attention upon his business affairs,
which are capably conducted, making him one of the powerful elements in the
business advancement of the community. 

In October, 1907, Mr. Vidal married Mrs. Ralph, a native of England. 

JOHN WALSH. 

The death of John Walsh, who was accidentally drowned in the Fraser river
in 1908, deprived New Westminster of one of the most able men in her official
service, a man whose ability and energy had carried him forward to an important
position in the profession of civil engineering and whose accomplishments along
this line had proved of signal benefit to the city where he made his home. He
was born April 15, 1850, at Goodrich, Ontario, a son of Morris and Mary Walsh, 

)th of whom have passed away.
John Walsh acquired his education in the public schools of his native com- 

mnity and after laying aside his books served an apprenticeship at steam 

igineering, finally obtaining his permit to practice this profession. After obtain-
ing his engineer's papers he was employed as engineer at Bell's Furniture Factory
it Wingham, Ontario, remaining in the employ of that concern for fifteen years
and gaining during that time the respect and confidence of his superiors and the
ligh regard of all who were associated with him. Eventually, thinking that the
west offered larger opportunities for progress in his special field, he went to
Alberta and settled in Lacombe, where for one year he engaged in farming.
At the end of that time, however, he came to British Columbia and here remained 

respected and highly esteemed resident until his death. Soon after his arrival 

256 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

he again underwent an examination in engineering and, after receiving his papers,
he entered the employ of the city. He had not time to accomplish all of the
important work which he had planned, his efforts being cut off by an untimely
death, but during the term of his service he proved his ability, energy and public
spirit in a conclusive way, becoming well known in professional and business
circles of the city and respected and esteemed wherever he was known. 

On the ist of June, 1880, Mr. Walsh was united in marriage to Miss Sarah
Ann Irvin, a daughter of Robert and Lydia Catherine Irvin, the former a prom-
inent farmer of Wingham. Mr. and Mrs. Walsh became the parents of the
following children: Cassie, Olive Maude, Lizzie, Morris, William J., Adeline,
George, Robert J., Martha Ann, Gladys Helen and Edward, all of whom are living
except Lizzie, and George. The family are devout members of the Methodist
church and are well known in religious and social circles of New Westminster. 

Mr. Walsh met his death by drowning, falling off the Lulu Island bridge,
upon which he was working, into the Eraser river. Owing to the large amount
of wood which had drifted against the piers of this bridge it had been decided
to send three men, all board of works' employes, to set the wood floating down
stream. Mr. Walsh and two companions undertook the task, and in the course
of the work the accident occurred which resulted in his death. Assistance was
at once procured but it was unavailing, Mr. Walsh dying in the discharge of the
duties which he had so ably performed during life. His wife survives him and
resides in New Westminster, where she is well known and popular, her genuine
personal worth and her excellent qualities of mind and character having won her
the regard and esteem of all who come in contact with her. 

RONALD CAMPBELL CAMPBELL-JOHNSTON. 

Ronald Campbell Campbell-Johnston, mining and metallurgical engineer, with
offices in Vancouver, has followed his profession in various parts of the world
and is well known in mining circles through his contributions to scientific journals.
He was born at Oban, Argyleshire, Scotland, September 18, 1863, his parents be-
ing Alexander R. and Frances (Bury-Palliser) Campbell- Johnston, the former a
native of Scotland and the latter of Ireland. The father was minister extraordi-
nary and envoy plenipotentiary from Great Britain to China, being for thirty
years .connected with the diplomatic service. He took over Hong Kong from the
Chinese for the British government and accomplished much else that has found
important place on the pages of history. He died in 1896, after reaching the age
of eighty years. The Campbell-Johnston estate in Scotland is known as Carnsal-
loch and is situated on the Nith river in Dumfriesshire. It has been in possession
of the family since the sixteenth century and is now occupied by the eldest son,
Captain A. F. Campbell- Johnston. It is a very extensive and beautiful estate and
King Charles I granted to the family a charter for the exclusive right to the
salmon fisheries on the Nith river for a distance of twenty-five miles from the
estate to the mouth of the river. 

RONALD C. CAMPBELL-JOHNSTON 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 247 

The mother of R. C. Campbell- Johnston was a sister of Admiral Bury-Palliser,
who commanded the British fleet on this coast from 1900 to 1905. She was also
a first cousin of Sir John Palliser, who crossed Canada to the Pacific with Mac-
Kenzie in 1838, and it is in his honor that the Palliser range of mountains has been
so called. Another cousin and a brother of Sir John Palliser was Major Edward
Palliser, whose name is inseparably connected with Canadian history because of
the prominent part which he took in the Kiel rebellion. He was the man who took
a canoe loaded with ammunition to a fort a task full of hazard and successfully
passed through the enemy's forces into the safety of the fort. He was a very
courageous and distinguished man. 

Ronald C. Campbell- Johnston was educated at Sherbourne School, England,
and in the Royal School of Mines at London, from which he was graduated in
1881. He then arranged to serve his apprenticeship as a mining engineer with
John Taylor & Sons, celebrated representatives of the profession in London, and
while in their employ he spent much time in charge of mines in India. He served
his apprenticeship as metallurgical engineer under his father-in-law, Alfred Senior
Merry, a partner in the firm of H. H. Vivian & Company, who refined nickel, co-
balt and copper ores at Swansea, Wales. In 1888 he came to the United States in
the employ of Vivian & Company, in charge of the zinc mines at Joplin, Missouri.
There he remained for two years. He then returned to Swansea and was assigned
to the nickel mines at Sudbury, Ontario, where he continued for a year. At the
close of 1890 he severed his connection with the firm and came to British Colum-
bia, taking up his abode in Vancouver. There he opened an assay and consultation
office, which he maintained until 1896, when he went to the Kootenay and Boun-
dary country, spending ten years in that locality, two years of which time he was
consulting engineer for Mackenzie & Mann, while the remainder of the time was
devoted to the general practice of his profession. In 1906 he returned to Vancou-
ver and again opened an office as consulting engineer. When the Ground Hog
anthracite coal fields first attracted attention in 1910 he began to act for interests
there, but this requires only a comparatively small part of his time. His practice
covers a large area and he has clients on Vancouver island, Queen Charlotte
islands and all along the British Columbia coast to the Portland canal and in the
interior from the Similkameen valley to the Peace river. His work covers all the
commercial fuels and metals, including gold, silver, copper, lead, iron and zinc.
His wide study and his broad, practical experience have placed him in a foremost
position among the mining and metallurgical engineers of the northwest and his
practice is extensive and important. 

On the 6th of January, 1886, near Swansea, Wales, Mr. Campbell- Johnston was
married to Miss Amy Merry, a daughter of Alfred Senior Merry, a representative
of an old Derbyshire family. The family estate is Barton Hall and is one of the
very few estates that have been held continuously by one family since the time of
William the Conqueror. It is situated at Dovedale, Derbyshire, England, and is a
most beautiful place. Mrs. Campbell- Johnston always accompanies her husband
in his travels. They have traveled extensively in India, the .United States and
Canada and she knows the province of British Columbia as perhaps few women
do. She was the first white woman who ever set foot upon certain parts of the
Ground Hog and Kootenay districts. She is well posted on the history of the
Indians and the legends of the tribes. In the public museum is a case bearing a
large collection of curios, Indian relics and costijoies, the latter consisting prin-
cipally of those of the famous medicine men and witches, secured from the tribes
of the Upper Skeena river, while the relics came from Naas river, Vancouver
and Queen Charlotte islands and other parts of the province. To this collection
Mr. Campbell- Johnston adds from 'time to time upon his return from various
expeditions. He also has some very interesting curios from India. He writes for
the scientific journals on matters pertaining to geology, minerals and metallurgy
and his wife also displays most creditable literary merit as a writer of travel stories
and also articles for the magazines and local press on woman suffrage, in behalf
of which she is a sincere worker. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell- Johnston have three 

248 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

children, two sons and a daughter : Amy Campbell, who is the wife of J. R.
Armytage-Moore, of County Cavan, Ireland; Ronald Alfred, a journalist con-
nected with the Vancouver World; and Alexander Campbell Campbell-Johnston,
now attending college. 

In politics Mr. Campbell-Johnston is a liberal and takes a deep interest in en-
actments yet is not a worker in party ranks. His professional services have car-
ried him into various sections of the country and no man is able to speak with
greater authority upon the northwest, its conditions, its resources and its possi-
bilities. His ideals of life have ever been high and he constantly works toward
them whether in professional or other connections. 

CHARLES BELL BUDDLE 

Charles Bell Buddie, a barrister who has become recognized as a well quali-
fied and able member of the Vancouver bar, was born in Auckland, New Zealand,
January 25, 1884. His parents were Charles Frederick and Eliza (Bell) Buddie,
the former a barrister who was engaged in practice in New Zealand for a number
of years. The son attended Wellington College, Wellington, New Zealand, and
subsequently entered the University of New Zealand in preparation for the prac-
tice of law, completing his law course in 1909, at which time the LL. B. degree
was conferred upon him. The following year he arrived in Vancouver and
entered upon active practice in connection with the firm of Whiteside & Robert-
son, barristers. He was called to the bar of Vancouver in 1911, at which time
he became a partner in the firm of McAvoy, Whiteside & Robertson. This rela-
tion was maintained until the fall of 1911, when Mr. Whiteside and Mr. Buddie
formed a partnership that still exists. In politics Mr. Buddie is a conservative.
He is a member of the University Club. 

FRANCIS HENRY CUNNINGHAM. 

Public office finds in Francis Henry Cunningham a worthy incumbent in the
position of inspector of fisheries. He has been continuously connected with the
civil service of Canada since August, 1883, and in his present position makes his
home in New Westminster. He was born on the 3d of May, 1865, at Topcroft,
Norfolk, England, a son of Henry and Sarah (Kemp) Cunningham. His father
was a progressive farmer and took a general interest in the affairs of the county
in which he lived, acting at one time as representative on the board of workhouse
guardians. 

The son pursued his early education in the grammar schools of Norwich and
Banham, England, and when his text-books were put aside began preparing for
the business of an auctioneer, being articled with Messrs. H. & J. Read, of Beccles,
Suffolk, England. He was but eighteen years of age when he entered the civil
service of Canada in August, 1883. He filled the position of accountant, inspector
of hatcheries, superintendent of fish culture and at the present writing, in 1913, is
the chief inspector of fisheries for this province under the Dominion government.
He is greatly interested in exhibition work, having been a director of the Ottawa
exhibition, and is at present on the executive of the Royal Agricultural & Indus-
trial Society of New Westminster. He seej<s in these connections to stimulate
activity and improvement along the lines indicated. 

Mr. Cunningham was connected with the Governor General Foot Guards as a
non-commissioned officer and served through the Northwest rebellion of 1885,
taking part in the engagement at Cut Knife Hill. He now holds the Canadian
medal with clasp.

WALTER SQUSTER ROSE. 

To have attained success before the age of thirty Walter Souster Rose must
be a remarkable young man, and it can be but ascribed to a natural insight into
conditions and circumstances which cannot be acquired but is to a large extent
intuitive. Although not yet twenty-eight years of age, Mr. Rose is secretary of
the Edmonds Development Company, Ltd., and managing director of the British
North America Securities Corporation, Ltd., and in these connections represents
two companies which play an important part in the upbuilding and growth of the
province. Careful of his own interests and considerate of those of others, Mr.
Rose ever controls his actions with a view toward civic improvement and must
be truly counted as one of the forces that have made and are making New
Westminster a town of metropolitan proportions. A native of England, he was
born August 3, 1885, and is a son of M. and Julia (Souster) Rose. His birthplace
is Burton-on-Trent, and there he attended grammar school. He commenced his
career by becoming a member of the banking profession as an employe of Lloyd's
Bank, Ltd., remaining with that well known institution until 1907. In 1908 we
find him in New Westminster, British Columbia, where he established himself ^as
a broker. His experience with Lloyd's and his natural ability soon brought him
the fore and he became an active factor in semi-financial and real-estate organ-
ations, being instrumental in organizing the Edmonds Development Company, 

240 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

Ltd., and the British North America Securities Corporation, Ltd. both of which
institutions are holders of large tracts of real estate. With the former company
he served in the capacity of secretary and of the latter he is managing director,
doing as its head much in extending its useful scope of activity. Capable, earnest'
and conscientious, shrewd and modern in his tendencies, he is a business man
typical of the Canadian northwest and well fitted for its exploitation and develop-
ment. He has made his place in New Westminster as one of the foremost young
business men of the town and is as ready to promote the general welfare as the
interests of the two large corporations in which he is a stockholder. 

On September 21, 1910, at Edmonds, British Columbia, Mr. Rose was united
in marriage to Miss Ethel Mary Bradley, a member of an old Devonshire family,
while his own, the Rose family, were of prominence in Devonshire, England.
Mr. and Mrs. Rose have one son, Reginald Walter. 

Although not aspiring to public office, Mr. Rose has ever taken a decided stand
upon political questions and gives his support steadfastly to the conservative
party. He is a member of the Church of England and interested in the extension
work of that organization. In clubdom he is known as a member of the West-
minster Club and there associates with men to whose hearts is dear the improve-
ment of the city not only along material lines but also as regards intellectual and
moral upbuilding. He is president of the Burnaby Lodge, Sons of England, and
as such keeps fresh the ties that bind the colony to the mother country. Viewed
from every point, the career of Mr. Rose thus far has been an entire success,
for he has not only attained financial independence but has won honor and esteem
by his accomplishments, and judging by what he has done thus far, it is safe to
prophesy that a distinguished career is in store for him, a career that will not only
bring to him wealth and fame but will have a decided and stimulating influence
upon the further advancement of New Westminster and British Columbia. 

EVERT L. KIN MAN. 

Evert L. Kinman is the president of the Imperial Timber & Trading Company,
Ltd., of Vancouver. For twenty-two years he has been connected with lumber and
mining interests in this province, and as the years have passed on has made con-
tinuous progress, while his success has always been an element in the general busi-
ness development as well as in individual prosperity. He was born in Novelty,
Knox county, Missouri, March 9, 18/0, his parents being Anderson and Sarah
(Hinman) Kinman, the former a native of Indiana and the latter of Illinois. In
1859 they became residents of Missouri, where the father carried on farming
throughout the remainder of his life, passing away in 1892, while his wife sur-
vived until 1902. They were the parents of nine children, Evert being the only
one residing in Canada. 

After mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools of his
native county, Evert L. Kinman there attended Oak Lawn College, and then think-
ing to find better and broader business opportunities on the Pacific coast he made
his way from Missouri to the state of Washington and was employed in various
sections of the state. In the summer of 1892 he came to British Columbia, where
he engaged in prospecting, mining, timber cruising and lumbering. He spent one
year as government road superintendent in the west Kootenay district, and he in-
troduced the first steam engine ever used in the logging camps of the interior of
British Columbia, this being put into use at Trout Lake. He located the greater
part of all the timber in the vicinity of Trout Lake, which is now owned by an
English corporation. He also located the timber on the Duncan river, now owned
by the Royal Lumber Company, and he located the present holdings of the Adams
River Lumber Company. Mr. Kinman and partners own one hundred and thirty
square miles, or eighty-three thousand two hundred acres, of fine timber on 

EVERT L. KINMAN 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 243 

Vancouver island and Columbia river. In the years of his previous experience as
Mr. Kinman saw opportunity for judicious investment he kept adding to his hold-
ings, which are now extremely extensive and valuable. He organized the Imperial
Timber & Trading Company, Ltd., which was formed in 1905 and of which he is
the president and managing director. They operate on the coast of British Co-
lumbia and are engaged in the wholesale lumber business throughout this province
and the Dominion. They also export to European markets, much of their product
going to European ports by way of the Suez canal. In 1910 he organized a com-
pany known as the Omineca Mines, Ltd., operating near Hazelton, British Colum-
bia, on the Erie claim and Four Mile Mountain. They own silver and lead prop-
erties which are now being developed and they are already shipping ore from
development work. For more than two decades Mr. Kinman has been identified
with lumber and mining interests in this province, spending the greater part of the
time in the interior, although during the last seven years he has remained in Van-
couver and on the coast. He has engaged in various different lines of work, has
traveled over and explored much of British Columbia, and there are few living
men who have seen more of this province or are more thoroughly acquainted with
its natural resources and its possibilities. In 1898 he joined the gold rush to the
north, going by way of Stikine river and Dease lake to the divide between the
Pelly and Leaird rivers, where he spent one season. 

In 1898, in Missouri, Mr. Kinman was united in marriage to Miss Estelle
Murphy, a native of Missouri, and they have three children : Holmes Anderson,
Marjorie Ruth and Bill. While Mr. Kinman usually exercises his right of fran-
chise in support of the liberal party, he has never been active in politics. He is a
member of the Royal Vancouver Yacht Club, the Progress Club, the Press Club
and the Chamber of Mines, and is interested in all the various projects which
have to do with tiie upbuilding of the city and this section of the country. He
stands today among the prominent and successful men of Vancouver by reason of
the fact that he has overcome obstacles and difficulties by energy and enterprise.
He early recognized the fact that there is no royal road to wealth and that the path
of successful labor is an upward one. He has never failed to put forth the effort
necessary for advancement and his initiative, perseverance and sound judgment,
as manifest in judicious investments and careful management, have brought him to
a prominent position among the lumbermen of the northwest. 

CONWAY EDWARD CARTWRIGHT. 

Enjoying a large practice and well earned reputation as a consulting civil
engineer, Conway Edward Cartwright is today regarded as one of the repre-
sentative residents of Vancouver. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, October 14,
1864, his parents being the Rev. Conway Edward and Mary Letitia Cartwright.
The family was founded in the new world by the great-great-grandfather, who
sailed from Yorkshire, England, to America in about 1700 and settled in Albany,
New York, where he was married. At the time of the American revolution the
family remained loyal to England, being among the United Empire Loyalists who
left the United States and came to Canada, the great-grandfather settling in Onta-
rio. The Rev. Conway Edward Cartwright, born at Kingston, Ontario, was edu-
cated in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, from which he was graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. He became a minister of the Church of England and
was rector of a church at Kingston, Ontario, until his retirement from the ministry
in 1905, when he came to Vancouver, British Columbia, where both he and his wife
are now living. He married Miss Mary Letitia Johnson, a native of Belfast,
Ireland, in which city the wedding ceremony was performed. They are the 

irents of four daughters and three sons. Two of the daughters, Mrs. R. H. H. 

Alexander and Mrs. A. J. Matheson, now reside in Vancouver. One son, George 

244 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

S., is a lieutenant colonel in the Royal Engineers and lives in England. Another
son, Cosmos, is in the Bureau of Mines at Ottawa. 

Conway Edward Cartwright, the eldest son, supplemented his early education
by study in the Royal Military Academy at Kingston, Ontario, from which he was
graduated. With the completion of his collegiate course he turned his attention
to the practice of civil engineering on the Pontiac Pacific Railway at Quebec in
1885 and remained in that connection until 1888, when he went to Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, where he entered upon the private practice of his profession, being chiefly
engaged in railway construction work in the southern and central states until
1896. In that year he became assistant chief engineer on the New York & Ottawa
Railway with headquarters at Cornwall, Ontario, and remained in that position of
responsibility until 1899, when he became associated with the Canadian Pacific
Railroad and came to Vancouver, which city has continued to be his home to the
present time. In 1905 he was made division engineer of the Canadian Pacific
Railroad, having charge of the Pacific division, and continued as such until 1910,
when he resigned to enter upon the private practice of his profession as a consult-
ing civil engineer, in which department of labor he still continues. He has been
very successful and now has a large practice of a distinctively representative char-
acter. The steps in his orderly progression are easily discernible. Each change
has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunities, and as the years
have gone on he has gained a creditable name and place for himself in profes-
sional circles. His high standing is indicated in the fact that he has been admitted
to membership in the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers and to the American
Railway and Maintenance Association. He is also a member of the board of man-
agement of the British Columbia Land Surveyors. He is a director of the Pacific
May-Otway Automatic Fire Alarms, Ltd., an automatic fire alarm system, which
is being used extensively all over the world. 

In 1889 Mr. Cartwright was united in marriage to Miss Mary Elizabeth
Harvey and for fourteen years they have been residents of Vancouver. Mrs.
Cartwright is a daughter of the late Major John Harvey, of the Royal Artillery
of Wexford, Ireland. Mr. Cartwright's military history covers service as lieu-
tenant of the Halifax Battalion in the Northwest rebellion of 1885. Patriotism
has ever been one of the strong characteristics of his life, and in all matters of
general moment he displays a public-spirited citizenship that ever seeks the good
of city, province and country. Appreciative of the social amenities of life, he is
connected with the Vancouver Club, in which he has won merited popularity. 

RT. REV. ADAM URIAS DE PENCIER., 

A spiritual leader and a man practical in the affairs of the world, one whose
purity of purpose is acknowledged by all, Rt. Rev. Adam Urias de Pencier, bishop
of New Westminster, exerts a vast influence over the people of his diocese an
influence even greater than that over all the people of his province. An inces-
sant worker in the ranks of the Anglican church, actively interested in civic
affairs, his church is under his able guidance making great advances. He is one
of those genial men readily understanding the springs of human conduct, one
who reads deep in the lives of his fellow beings, understands them and gives
readily his best efforts to help and guide them. Under his stimulating influence
his diocese is growing fast and he manages its affairs with a strong hand and
that kindly persuasion which ever exerts an influence upon human beings and
brings them around the standard of a leader. 

Born at Burritts Rapids, Ontario, on February 9, 1866, Adam U. de
Pencier is a son of P. Theodore and Sarah de Pencier. The father was a mill
owner and farmer and a grandson of another Theodore von Pencier, an officer
in Baron of Riedesel's Dragoons, part of the Hessian contingent serving
under the British crown in the American war of independence under Burgoyne.
The father was born on the banks of the Rideau river, on land given by the
government for services rendered. Bishop de Pencier's mother's people were
Eastmans of Pennsylvania but originally from Kent, England, and of United
Empire Loyalist stock. Both parents are deceased. 

Bishop de Pencier was educated in the public and high schools of Kempt-
ville, Ontario, and also had as a private tutor the late Rev. Canon Lowe of 

ET. REV. ADAM U. DE PENCIER 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 235 

Ottawa, Ontario. At the entrance examinations to the Kemptville high school in
1880 he won the gold medal, early distinguishing himself by his wide knowledge
and his purposeful work. In the expectation of devoting himself to teaching
he trained at the Ottawa Normal School under Dr. MacCabe and was at one
time assistant to the first principal in the first county model school at Richmond,
Ontario. He matriculated at Trinity University, Toronto, in 1885 but did not
go into residence until 1893, in which year he took up the arts course. He
graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1895. Under the tuition of the late Canon
R. L. M. Houston and the late Archdeacon Bedford Jones, of Ontario, he was
prepared for Holy Orders and ordained deacon by the late Archbishop Lewis in
1890 and priested in the same year by that dignitary. After ordination he was
appointed incumbent at Navan in the diocese of Ontario, remaining there from
1890 to 1893. I" l &94 he went to St. Albans cathedral at Toronto as vicar and
in 1897 became incumbent at Uxbridge, Ontario, so remaining from 1898 to 1900.
He was senior curate to Canon Welsh at St. James cathedral in Toronto and
afterward went to St. Matthew's at Brandon, Manitoba, as rector, succeeding
the present bishop of Qu' Appelle (Dr. Harding) in 1900. While in charge two
churches were built, St. George's and St. Mary's, and upon his resigning the
rectorship two seperate parishes were established. On leaving Brandon, Bishop
de Pencier was offered the rectorship of St. Paul's at Vancouver by the late
Bishop Dart through the good services of the late Archdeacon Pentreath. On
the death of Bishop Dart, Bishop de Pencier was elected bishop of New West-
minster at the synod held in Holy Trinity church in June, 1910. In 1911 the
University of Trinity College conferred on him the degree of D. D. (honoris
causa). 

In 1895 Bishop de Pencier married Nina Frederick Wells, the only daughter
of Lieutenant Fred Wells, of the First Royals. The father rendered distin-
guished service through the Crimean war. Bishop and Mrs. de Pencier are the
parents of four sons and two daughters: Theodore Frederick Wells, attending
McGill University; John Dartnell and Joseph Christian, at University School,
Victoria ; Nina Hortense and Sarah Elizabeth, at home ; and Eric Andrew Edwin. 

Bishop de Pencier is typical of the churchman of the times, ohe who readily
participates in all the joys and sorrows of his fellow beings. It is this strong
humane spirit which makes him the powerful influence in the moral advance-
ment of his province and the strong factor in the growth of his church. From
him radiates that smiling kindness which brings cheer to every heart. The Bishop
is a commanding figure, standing over six feet high, and is familiar to every inhab-
itant of New Westminster. During the coronation of their majesties, the king and
queen, Bishop de Pencier received a royal command to attend and in company with
other over-seas bishops had the distinction of participating in the historic event at
Westminster Abbey. He is as loyal to his country and his king as he is to the
charge which has been given into his hands and all of his actions are permeated
with that loyalty and guided by his strong character. 

HENRY WILFRED MAYNARD. 

Henry Wilfred Maynard, district manager for the Canadian Explosives, Ltd.,
\v;is born at Rhyl, Wales, July 31, 1867, his parents being Colonel Edmond
Gilling and Gertrude (Trevor-Roper) Maynard. The father was colonel of the
Eighty-eighth Connaught Rangers, an Irish regiment, which he commanded
through the Crimean war and also in the Indian mutiny. 

The family came to America during the childhood days of Henry W. Maynard
and established their home at San Jose, California, where he attended the public
schools. He started in the business world in connection with the lumber trade
Of I'uget Sound, being employed for a number of years in various capacities as a
representative of lumber interests. In 1891 he came to Vancouver to take charge 

236 BRITISH COLUMBIA 

of the business of the Hamilton Powder Company, which in 1911 was merged into
the Canadian Explosives, Ltd., Mr. Maynard being retained as manager. The
steps in his orderly progression are easily discernible. He has advanced steadily
from one point to another and each point has had a broader outlook and wider
opportunities. His worth and industry have constituted the rounds of the ladder
on which he has climbed to his present enviable and responsible position. In addi-
tion to his connection with the Canadian Explosives, Ltd., he owns considerable
real estate in Vancouver and is also a stockholder and one of the directors of the
Vancouver & Nanaimo Coal Company, Ltd., of Vancouver. 

On the 1 5th of May, 1894, in the city in which he makes his home, Mr. May-
nard was married to Miss Emily Stewart, a daughter of Donald and Margaret
Stewart, the former now deceased. As is indicated by the surname, she comes
of an old Scotch family. By this marriage have been born three daughters, Ger-
trude Eva, Margaret Emily and Catherine Easterby. 

In politics Mr. Maynard is a conservative, and his religious faith is that
of the Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Terminal City Club and is
thus connected with various interests and activities which feature in the life of
Vancouver and are forces in its development and expansion. Mr. Maynard has
never sought to figure prominently in any public relation, but his life history
is not without its lessons to all who recognize the true worth and value of
character. 

JOHN JAMES MAcKAY. 

New Westminster has been signally favored in the class of men who have
occupied her public offices, in which connection John James MacKay is well
known, being the city treasurer. He was born at East River, Pictou county, Nova
Scotia, July 4, 1852, his parents being Donald and Annie (McFarland') MacKay,
who were also natives of Pictou county. Donald MacKay's grandfather, who
was wounded at the capture of the city of Quebec, retired from the army and set-
tled near New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, where he owned valuable coal lands. His
son, Alexander MacKay, married a Miss Eraser and took up his abode on the
East river, where his son, Donald, father of John J. MacKay, was born. Donald
MacKay engaged in farming and stock-raising for a time and afterward removed
to vSherbrooke, Guysborough county, where he was connected with a lumber mill,
while afterward he engaged in quartz milling and gold amalgamating. 

In the public schools of Sherbrooke, J. J. MacKay pursued his early education
and later attended Eaton & Frazee's Business College in the city of Halifax, Nova
Scotia, in 1870 and 1871. His first position was that of clerk and bookkeeper with
a shipbuilding, domestic and foreign shipping, importing and trading company
in the town of Sherbrooke, with which he remained for ten years, spending a part
of the years 1870 and 1871 in the city of Halifax as a student in the commercial
college but afterward returning to his old employers. 

In 1881 Mr. MacKay came to British Columbia and engaged in the government
telegraph and postoffice service. He was also with the Canadian Pacific Railway
for a time and in 1883 was appointed general agent and accountant of the British
Columbia Express Company at Yale while steamboating was operated to that
point. Afterward at Ashcroft he became the secretary, treasurer, auditor and one
of the directors respectively of that company, but at length sold all his interests
and resigned his position in 1898 preparatory to removal to Vancouver. In that
city he became a shareholder and secretary-treasurer of a manufacturing confec-
tionery and biscuit company but resigned from that position and removed to New
Westminster, British Columbia, where he purchased a book and stationery store
which he conducted for a few years, selling the business, however, in 1909. 

Mr. MacKay has been more or less active in public life, performing service of a
varied yet important character. He compiled the voters' lists in 1879, was clerk 

JOHN J. MACKAY 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 239 

of the county court of Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia, in 1880 and was made notary
public in British Columbia in 1887. He was also school trustee and secretary of
the school board in Ashcroft, British Columbia, from the time the school district
was organized until his removal from the town in 1898. Seeing possibilities for
the development of agricultural interests through organized effort, he was largely
instrumental in instituting and organizing the Inland Agricultural Association of
British Columbia, which was the first agricultural society in the province east of
the Cascade mountains. He served as secretary and treasurer of that society until
his removal from the town in 1898. In 1910 he was appointed treasurer and
accountant of the city of New Westminster, which position he now fills, making a
creditable record in office as the custodian of the public funds. He is very prompt
and systematic in the discharge of his duties and his worth is widely acknowledged
by all who know aught of public affairs in New Westminster. 

Mr. MacKay is also a member of the Board of Trade of New Westminster.
He votes with the conservative party and was government candidate in the district
of Yale for provincial election in 1898, but was defeated by Charles A. Temlin, a
leader of the opposition, who became premier. 

On the 2oth of August, 1891, at Hyde Park, Massachusetts, Mr. MacKay was
united in marriage to Miss Rebecca S. Elliot, of Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia, a
daughter of the late Henry Elliot, who was a son of Lieutenant Dr. Henry F.
Elliot of the Minto branch of the Elliots and cousin of Sir Henry G. Elliot, K. C.
M. G., C. B., who distinguished himself both in the army and as a British consul
and representative. He died in South Africa in the year 1913. Her grandfather,
Lieutenant Elliot, referred to above, was wounded in the battle of Waterloo while
riding at the head of his company. Mr. and Mrs. MacKay became parents of
three children: Elliot, born in 1893 ; Jean, who was born in 1899 and died in 1911 ;
and Donna, born in 1903. The parents are Presbyterians and Mr. MacKay is a
member of the session at St. Andrew's church at New Westminster. He is also a
member of the board of managers of Westminster Hall, the Presbyterian Theo-
logical College at Vancouver. He was a member of Kamloops Lodge, I. O. O. F.,
and a charter member of Ashcroft Lodge, I. O. O. F., in which he held the office
of treasurer. He has labored diligently in both business and official connections,
accomplishing what he has undertaken and proving his right to rank with the rep-
resentative citizens of the community in which he makes his home.