INDEX 

tous events at Victoria, 562-69; officials of
colony, 1858, 569-70. 

Vavasour, Lieutenant, 479, 480, 498. 

Venegas, Miguel, 50. 

Verendry, Pierre Gaultier de La, 200, 201. 

Versailles, treaty of, 1783, 199. 

Vespucci, Amerigo, 4. 

Victoria, the founding of. Chapter XI\', 457-
96; Camosun, 459-60; locating fort, 469;
Indian troubles, 473-75 ; Fort Victoria
named, 476; Captain Gordon at Victoria,
476-78; Vavasour's report, 479-80; Courte-
nay's remarks, 480; city of, 481; Seemann's
narrative, 483-85; Paul Kane's description
of Indians, 487-95. 

Victoria, founded, 529; liquor question, 530-32;
in 1857, 557-58; meteoric rise, 560-63; ex-
citing days, 562-69. 

Victoria college, 633. 

Vizcaino, Sebastian, 29; death, 37. 

W 

W'addington, Alfred, 560-69.
Waldseemiiller, 4.
Warre, Lieutenant, 479, 498.
Wilkes, Commander, 345-50, 452.
Work, John, 363-65, 392; letter to Edw. Erma-
tinger, 555, 556. 

.\ V Company, 207, 208, 209, 237. 

Y 

Vale, fort, 276. 

Verba Buena (San Francisco) established, 325. 

Zalteri, 8.
Zipangu, 3, 6, 9. 

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INDEX 

687 

56; liquor question, 530-32; scliools, 532,
533; Crimean War defence measures, 534-
36; lands, 537; Labouchere, despatches,
538-40; Douglas' reply, 541; electoral dis-
tricts, 541 ; first parliament, 542 ; Douglas'
address, 542-45 ; first budget, 546 ; bills,
546-47; administration of justice, 547-51;
first settlers, 552-53; John Work's letter,
555-56. 

Resolution, H. M. S., 76, 77, 78, 80, 94, 96, 98 ;
return to England, 104, 105; H2, 113, 603,
604. 

Resolution cove, 81-90. 

Roberts, Henry, 157. 

Ronquillo, Philip de, 21. 

Roque, Joseph La, 298, 316, 318. 

Ross, Alexander, 318, 319. 

Routine of frontier posts in New Caledonia,
298, etc. 

Rupert, Prince, 327, 333-36. 

Russian academy map, 1758, 12. 

Russian activities in America, end of, 70. 

Russian American Company, 67-69 and others. 

Russian establishments, 373, 416-24. 

Russian explorations, 10, ir, 37; Chapter IV,
49-71. 

Russian furtraders, 66-70. 

Russian operations, 428. 

Ruysch map, 8. 

St. James, fort, i. 

Si. Peter, the, 60-64. 

St. Thomas, islands of, discovered, 35. 

San Lazarus, 21, 45. 

Sandwich, Earl of, 74, 76. 

Sandwich islands, 17; discovered, 77; Cook's 

last visit to, 95-104.
Sanson, 9.
Santa Cruz, 37, 38.
Santiago, Corvette, 16, 38, 40-43, 93.
Schoner, German cartographer, 3, 4.
School districts, 637-39.
Schools, early, Si^'ii-
Schools, progress of, 625-41.
Seemann, Berthold, 482-85.
Selkirk, Earl of, 321.
Semple, Governor, 321.
Shaman, the, or medicine man, 594-600.
Sicau Indians, 288, 289.
Simpson, Sir (Jeorge, 277, 309, 340-42, 366; 

letter, 371, 372; 402, 403 ; report to H. B. 

Co., 404-24; 458, 465, 466, 476, 477, 497. 

505.
Sitka, 67, 68.
Slacum, W. A., Lieut., 344, 441, 445, 452. 

Spanish explorations. Chapter III, 33-47; 

Spaniards of Queen Charlotte islands, 1774, 

39.
Spanish-British negotiations at Nootka, 178-89.
Steller, CJeorg Wilhelm, to, 60.
Stuart, David, 316, 317, 319.
Stuart, John, 242, 245, 249, 251, 256, 257, 261, 

263, 274, 283-85, 295-98, 308, 319, 320; 

retires, 402. 

Tete, Jaune Cache, 292, 317. 

Thompson, David, 272, 285, 308-17. 

Thorne, Jonathan, 311. 

Tod, John, 391, 392. 

Tolmie, Dr. W. F., 456 and others. 

Tyler, message, 448. 

U 

Ulloa, Francisco de, 35, 36, 37.
V 

Valdez, Don Cayetano, 164, 166, 170; journal,
170-76 ; 604. 

Valerianos, Apostolos, Michael Lok's memoir,
23-30, 79. 

Vancouver, George, survey, 1792-93, i; map of
1798, 17; discoveries in De Fuca strait,
93; lis, 116, 118; Chapter VIII, 157-97;
instructions, 158; additional instructions,
159, 160; Spaniards, 165; journal, 167,
168, etc.; letters to Bodega y Quadra, 185-
88; leaves Nootka, 190; description of
Indians, 193; sails for Sandwich islands,
195; state visit to Maquinna, 197; death,
197; 427, 428, 605. 

Vancouver island. The colony of. Chapter XV,
497-528 ; Grey's reply to Pelly, 497-98 ;
H. B. Co's grants, 499-503 ; officers of
company, 503-04; H. B. Co. charged with
settlement, 505; Dundas' report, 506-09;
CJovernor Blanshard, 510-28; Blanshard to
Grey, 513-16; Helmcken magistrate, 517,
518; Blanshard to Grey, 518-20; Daedalus
arrives, 520-22; Blanshard to Grey, 521,
522; Earl Grey's replies, 522-24; Blan-
shard resigns, 524; memorial presented to
him, 524-26; first independent settler, 527;
Hlanshard's resignation accepted, 528. 

\'ancouver island in Transformation, Chapter
XVII, 557-70; Victoria in 1857, 557; main-
land in 1857, 558, 559; old brigade trails,
559; V'ictoria, a populous center, 560-63;
gold, 560; Fraser excitement, 561; momen- 

688

686 

INDEX 

609-12; reciprocity in medicine, 612-17; 

rapid progress, 618-22.
Mendocino, 9.
Mendoza, Hurtado de, 35.
Menzies, Archibald, 161, 192, 605, 606.
Monroe, James, instructions, 434.
Moody, Lieutenant-Colonel, 278.
Mount Elias first sighted, 46, 60.
Morice, Father A. G., i, 582.
Munster, Sebastian, 9. 

N 

Natives described by Cook, 82-91. 

Native races of British Columbia, the, Chapter
XVIII, 573-91 ; estimates, past and present,
577; physical characteristics, 578-80;
moral characteristics, 580-84; religious be-
lief, 584-87; social organization 587-91. 

New Albion, i ; naming of, 16. 

New Caledonia, i; Chapter XI, 283-325; N.
W. Co., 283-325; joins H. B. Co., 322;
described by Washington Irving, 322-24;
act Geo. IV, 325. 

New Cornwall, i. 

New Georgia, i. 

New Hanover, i. 

New world divided between Spain and Portu-
gal, 15- 

Nootka Sound, 14, 41, 42; discovered, 81; 82,
91, 92, 93, 112, 117, 118. 

Nootka Sound Controversy, Chapter VII, 135-
56; Spanish claims, 136; Spanish taking
possession, 139; Martinez' proclamation,
139-43; Argonaut arrives, 143; Martinez-
Colnett encounter, 144; Colnett imprisoned,
145 ; letter from Marquis Del Campo, 146-
47; Leeds' reply, 148; Spanish armaments,
148 ; British vessels liberated, 149 ; Meares'
memorial, 149; diplomatic controversy, 150,
153; British preparations for war, 150-53;
bull of .Mexaiuler \'I, 152; Spanish com-
pensation treaty signed, 156. 

Nootka Sound convention, 155-56. 

Norsemen's claim to discovery of America, 13. 

Northwest America, Prehistoric, Chapter I, 1-17. 

North West Company, the, 206-09, 237-41, 250,
255, 262, 272, 282, 283-325; joins with H.
B. Co., 322; described by Washington
Irving, 322-24; act Geo. IV, 325; 432. 

Northwest passage, 4, 5, 8, 14, 19-30, 37, 43i 53> 

74, 75-
Norway house, 292. 

O 

Ogden, Peter Skene, 452 and others.
Old brigade trails, 559. 

Oregon question, the, Chapter VIII, 427-56;
boundary by Paris treaty, 1783, 430; line
drawn in 1818, 430; American claims,
431; British claims, 433; Meares' claim,
434 ; arguments, 434 ; Monroe's instructions,
434-35; bills in U. S. congress, 436;
negotiations of 1825, 436-37; British offer
of 1824, 437; American title, 438; instruc-
tions to Gallatin, 438-39; deadlock, 439;
senate approves treaty of 1827, 440; United
States side of dispute in 1836, 441; report
to U. S. senate, 442-43; Linn bill, 443-46;
population, 445 ; Greenhow's history, 443,
etc. ; Lord Ashburton's proposal, 446-47 ;
negotiations of Lord Aberdeen, 448 ; demo-
cratic resolution, 448 ; President Polk's
reference to Oregon, 449 ; treaty signed by
Buchanan and Pakenham, 452; U. S. Mili-
tary mission, 452 ; Captain Gordon, 453,
etc. 

Oregon treaty, 1846, i, 2, 452, 476. 

Ortelius, 8, 9, 52. 

Pacific Fur Company, 310, etc
Pakenham, Richard, 448-50; 452.
Papal bull of Alexander VI, 427, 429.
Parliament, first of Vancouver Island, 542-45.
Pelly, Sir John, letter to Lord Glenelg, 372-74; 

497-99, 509, 510, 513, 524.
Pennelossa, Don Diego, 21.
Perez, Juan, 16, 39, 40, 41, 42; claims to 

prior discovery, 93, 94; 603.
Peter the Great, 51, 52, 53.
Philip n, 34.
Pizarro, 5. 

Polk, President, 449, 450, 455.
Portala, Gaspar de, expedition, 38.
Portuguese, 6. 

Prehistoric Northwest America, Chapter I, 1-17.
Pribyloff, 66. 

Puget, Peter, 162, 169, 178, 194.
Puget Sound, named, 162.
Purchas, Samuel, 49, 159. 

Q 

Queen Charlotte islands, named, 116; Indian 

customs, 125-26.
Queen Elizabeth's reply to Spanish ambassador. 

16.
Quesnel, Jules Maurice, 262, 263, 286.
Quivira, 6. 

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 28. 

Representative government, Chapter XVI, 529- 

INDEX 

685 

Harmon, Daniel Williams, 283-87; journal, 288,
289; 290, 294, 296, 297; journal, 298;
299-306; journal, 307; 317. 

Haro, Gonzales Lopez de, 135, 142, 143. 

Hearne, Samuel, 204, 205, 209. 

Heceta expedition, 1775, 43-45. 

Helmcken, John Sebastian, arrival, 516; ap-
pointed magistrate, 517; magistrate, 518-
21 ; resigns, 522 ; elected first speaker, 542 ; 

547. 553, 6o6- 

Hendry, Anthony, 201 ; journal, 201-03. 

Herrera, 9. 

Hippa island, 125. 

Hoei-shin, Buddhist discoverer, 12, 13. 

Hope bay. Cook at, 80, 81. 

Hudson, Henry, 4, 143, 144, 202. 

Hudson's Bay Company, 199, 203, 208, 209;
joins with N. W. Co., 321 ; Chapter XII,
327-425; charter, 327-33; Prince Rupert,
333-36; early earnings, 336-37; conciliation
with N. \V. Co., 338; George Simpson,
341-42; McLoughlin, John, 342-56; Work,
John, 363-64; forts, 367; minutes of coun-
cil, 1830, 383-87; Indians fairly treated,
387-88 ; establishments west of Rockies,
402-03 ; Sir CSeorge Simpson's report, 404-
24; relations with Russians, 416-24; 457,
497-99; royal grant, 1846, 500-03; early
officers, 503-04; charged with settlement
of colony, 505; 512-28. 

Imperial Eagle, the tragedy of the, 120, 126.
Indian in medicine, the, 593-603.
Indies, Islands of the, 3. 

Jefferys, Thoma>. maps, 1758 and 1764, 12; 22.
Jesuits, 49, 50. 

K 

Kane, Paul, 472, 482, 485-95. 

Kcndrick, Captain, 132, 136, 137, 143, 177, 196. 

King, James, I.icut., 76; account of Cook's 

death, 95-103; eulogy of Cook, 103-04; H2, 

113.
Kittson, Lieutenant, 351-55.
Kohl, Dr. J. Cj., 5, 6, 10, ir, 29.
Kotzebue, Otto von, 68.
Krusenslcrn expedition, 68. 

Laliouchere, Henry, de«palchcs, 538, 539, 540,
545- 

Land prices, early, 537. 

Langford, E. E., 534, 542, 548, 551. 

La Perouse, 167, 199 and others. 

Lauridsen, Peter, 50, 51, 53. 

Leeds, Martjuis of, reply to Del Campo, 148. 

Lewis and Clark, 239, 263, 312, 313, 431. 

Liquor (|uestion, 530-32. 

Lok, Michael, memoir, 23-29; 79. 

Louisiana Purchase, 238, 430. 

Lytton, town of, 271-73. 

M 

.McDougall, James, 241, 242, 245, 247, 248, 252,
261, 2S6, 288. 

Mc(;ill college, 632, 634. 

McGillivray, William, 314, 339. 

McKey, John, 118, 119. 

McLeod, Fort, 283, 285, 286, 295, 310. 

McLeod, John M., 284, 286, 367, 368, 370;
report, 389-91 ; 402. 

McLoughlin, Dr. John, 342-51 ; letter to Kittson,
352-55; letter to Anderson, 355-59; mem-
orandum to Angus McDonald, 359-61; 362,
366, 367, 369, 372, 382, 403, 405, 409, 437,
452, 457. 458, 466. S'O. 

.McMillan, James, 392-402. 

McTavish, Dugald, 298. 

McTa\'isli, Simon, 207, 237; died, 238. 

Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, 192; Chapter IX,
199-233; winter quarters, 210-11; expedi-
tion to "Western Sea," 2n, etc.; discovery
of Eraser river, 217, etc.; reaches Black-
waler river, 228; last stage of journey,
228, 229; at Pacific, 229, 230; return, 231,
232; 233, 236, 243, 244, 247, 282, 310, 317. 

Magellan, 4, 5, 33, 34. 

Mainland in 1857, 558, 559. 

Maldonado, Lorenzo Ferrer de, (Admiral de
Fonte) II, 12, 15, 17, 20, 21, 22, 79, 94,
158, 162, 163, 169 and others. 

Maldonado, Pedro Nunez, 34. 

Maquinna (Maquilla) 81, 82, 83, 128, 129,
132, 166, 180, 181, 197. 

.Marco Polo, 3, 5, 6. • 

Martinez, Don Stephen Joseph, 9, 39, 42, 131,
135, 136-38, 143-49. 

Martyr's Point, named, 44. 

Meares, John, voyage, 115, 120; expedition,
121, 127, 128; house at Nootka, 129; 130-
33; 137, 149, 150, 156, 157, 160, 161, 166. 

Medical, Chapter X-IX, 593-622; the Indian in
medicine, 593-603; Shamanism, 594-600;
the white man in medicine, 603-22; prac-
titioners increasini', 607; medical ordi-
nance, 1867, 607-C9 ; meilical act of 1886,
609; college of plusicians and surgeons.

684 
INDEX 

natives, 83-90; description of Nootka
Sound, 90-92 ; naming of Nootka Sound,
92, 93; sails from Nootka, 94; smaller ex-
peditions, 94; sails for Sandwich islands,
95; Cook's death, 95; 96-103; eulogy, 103,
104; biography, 105, 106; last letter, 106-
09; 112, 114, 136, 157, 158, 603, 604. 

Cornelius a Judaeis, 9. 

Corrientes, 9. 

Cortereal, Caspar, 4, 8. 

Cortes, Hernando, 5, 6, 7, 34, 35, 36. 

Cridge, Rev. Edward, 533, etc. 

Crimean war measures, 534-36. 

Courtenay, Captain, 380, 381, 480, etc. 

D 

Dallas, Alexander, 505, 506. 

Darien, 4, 33. 

Davis strait, 20. 

Deans, James, 481, 482. 

Dease, Peter Warren, 402. 

De Fonte, Admiral (Maldonado), ii, 12, 17, 

20, 21, 22, 79, 94, 158, 162, 163, 169.
De Fuca, Juan, (Apostolos Valerianos), 11, 12, 

17. 23> 30. 44, 79- 

Deschneflf, 10, 53, 55. 

De Smet, Father, 452, 453, 582. 

Disiovery, The, 76-80, 94, 97, 98; return to
England, 104, 105; 112, 113, 157, 160, 162,
163, 168, 177, 179, 185, 190, 195; home-
ward bound, 197; 230, 603, 604, 605. 

Dixon, Captain George, 117-27, 156. 

Douglas, Captain, 132, 136-38. 

Douglas, Sir James, 14; letter to Captain Shep-
pard, 375-80; 382, 388; diary, 388, 389,
402; 456, 458, 459; journal, 460-68; report
on Indians, 468; 469-72, 479, 512, 513,
521, 529-40; reply to Labouchere, 541;
address at opening of first parliament, 

542-45-
Drake, Sir Francis, i, 10, 16, 28.
Duffin's, Robert, letter to Vancouver, 181-84.
Dundas, Adam D., report, 506-09; 526. 

Early British furtraders, 205-10. 

Early explorations of CJreat Britain, Spain and
Russia, 2. 

Early geographers, 3, etc. 

Educational system of British Columbia, The,
Chapter XX, 623-41 ; McGill college, 632 ;
Victoria college, 633; university site, 634'
37; school districts, 637-39; control of
education, 639; denominational colleges,
640-41. 

Electoral districts. First, 541. 

1 aries, Hugh, 262, 286. 

Finlayson, Roderick, 388, 454-55, 471-79, 482,
487. 491, 529- 

Flattery, Cape, named, 79. 

Florida treaty, 1819, 428, 433, 434. 

Floridablanca, Count, 148, 151, 154; dismissed,
•55; 159- 

Florez, Viceroy of Mexico, 135, 145. 

Franchere, Gabriel, 313, 314. 

Fraser, Simon, Chapter X, 235-82; ancestry,
239-40; leaves Fort William, 241; journal,
243-4S; at Stuart river, 249; letters to
McDougall, 252-55; letters to Stuart, 256-
60; to McDougall, 260-61 ; journal, 263-67;
at the Forks, 268 ; Lillooet, 269 ; Camchin,
270-71; leaves Camchin Indians, 274;
journal, 275-79; return journey, 280-81;
283, 284, 308, 310, 311, 321, 582. 

Fraser river excitement, 561. 

French-Canadian voyageurs, 300-01. 

Frobisher, Martin, 4, 8, 9. 

Fur-bearing animals. New Caledonia, 293. 

Furlani map, 1560, 7. 

Furtraders' daily routine, 472, 473. 

Furtraders, The Maritime, Chapter VI, m-33;
their field, 114; feuds, 116; earliest ex-
pedition, 116; British and United States,
116, 117, etc.; Hanna's voyage, 117;
Dixon, 117, etc.; Lowrie and Guise, 117,
118; Captain Barkley, 119, etc.; Meares,
120-33; Captain Portlock, 122-27; D'xon's
journal, 124-26; Meares' house, 129; Cap-
tain Gray, 131, 132; Captain Kendrick,
132; Captain Douglas, 132. 

Galiano, Dionisio, 164; journal, 166; 167, i6j, 

170; journal, 170-76; 604.
Gallatin, Andrew, 438-41.
Ghent, treaty of, 1814, 434.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 4, 9, 30.
CJold in British Columbia, first, 560-62.
Goldson, William, 22.
Gordon, Captain, 453-55, 477-80.
CJray, Captain Robert, 131, 132, 137, 160-62, 

167, 169, 177, 191, 238, 312, 431-33.
(irey. Earl, 497-500, 513-20; replies, 522-24, 

528. 

H 

Hacamaugh nation, 271, 272, 276.
Hakhiit, Richard, 23, 26, 28.
Hanna, Captain James, 117, 156.
Hanseatics, 20. 

INDEX 

Aberdeen, Lord, 448, 450. 

Alaska purchased by United States, 69. 

America, discovery of, by Buddhist priests, 12, 

13-
Anderson, William, 603, 604.
Anian Regnum, 9.
Anian, strait of, 4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 20, 21-30, 79, 

157, 162.
Anne, empres? of Russia, 57.
Apian map, 9. 

Apocryphal voyages, Chapter II, 19-31.
Archangel, 20.
Arctic expeditons, 51-71.
Astor, John Jacob, 297, 310, 315, 320.
Astoria, 297; description of, 312; 313, 315, 316, 

322, 432. 

B 

Baffin, 4. 

Balboa, 4, 33. 

Banks and Banking, Chapter XXI, 643-50;
early, 643-45 ; Bank of British Columbia,
645-47 ; Bank of British North America,
647, 648; Bank of Montreal, 649; clearing
house returns, 649; Bank of Vancouver,
650. 

Baranoff, Alexander, 67, 68. 

Barkley, Captain, 80, 119, 120, 126, 129. 

Barnardo, 12, 21. 

Baucanne Indians, 246. 

Beaver, The, 162, 467, 471, 509. 

Behaim, Martin, 9. 

Benin's chart of 1748, 11. 

Bering, Vitus, 10; expedition, lo-iz; 46; ex-
peditions, 50-57 ; equipment and crew,
59-61 ; died, 63. 

Bering islands, 10, 61. 

Bering sea, 10, 11. 

Bering strait, 10, 11, 56. 

Blanshard, Richard, Governor, 504, 510-28;
appointed, 510; resigns, 524-28; memorial
presented to, 524-26; resignation accepted, 

528; 537- 538-
Bodega y Quadra, Don Juan Francisco de la,
42-46, 164, 166, 178, 179-197; letters to
Vancouver, 186-89. 

Bolduc, J. B. Z., 470, 471. 

British-Spanish negotiations at Nootka, 178- 

185; concluded, 189.
Broughton, William Robert, Lieut., 157, 169, 

191, 192, 312, 433, 434.
Buache, Philippe, 11, 15, 22, 79.
Buchanan's letter on Oregon question, 428.
Budget, first, of Vancouver Island, 546.
Bull of Alexander VI, 15. 

Cabot, 4. 

Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, 37. 

Calhoun, J. C, 448, 449, 452. 

Camchin, 270, 272, 274, 276. 

Cameron, David, 547-51. 

Camosun, 459-95. 

Caraosun Indians, described by Paul Kane,
488-94. 

Campbell, Robert, 368-71. 

Campo, Marquis del, letter, 146, 147. 

Carrier Indians, 286-306. 

Carver, Jonathan, 203. 

Cavendish, 28. 

Chatham, The, 157, i6o, 162, 163, 168, 176,
179, 19c, 191, 192, 195; homeward bound,
197; 605. 

Chinese discoveries in 499, A. D., 12, 13. 

Chirikoff, Alexei, 12, 54, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65. 

Cibola, 7, 36. 

Clearing house, 649, 650. 

Clerke, Captain, 76, 104; death, 105. 

Colleges, denominational, 640, 641. 

College, Physicians & Surgeons, 609-12. 

Colnett, Captain, 143-45, '5°- 

Columbus, 3, 5, 6, 14. 

Connolly, William, 402. 

Cook, Captain James, i, 14, 15, 42; Chapter
V, 73-109 ; orders of earl of Sandwich, 74,
75; beginning of voyage, 76; at Cape
Town and in Australasia, 77; at Cape
Foulweather, 78 ; naming Cape Flattery,
79; Vancouver Island, March 29, 1778, 80;
named Hope Bay, 80; discovery of Nootka
Sound, 80, 8i ; at Nootka Sound, 82-91;
with Maquinna, 83, etc.; description of 

683 

APPENDIX 681 

ment for any Felony made the Subject of Capital Punishment, or for any Otfence or Passing^ Sen-
tence affecting the Life of any Offender, or adjudge or cause any Offender to suffer Capital Pun-
ishment or Transportation, or take cognizance of or try any Civil Action or Suit in which the
Cause of such Suit or Action should exceed in Value the Amoimt or Sum of Two Hundred Pounds,
and in every Case of any Offence subjecting the Person committing the same to Capital Punishment
or Transportation, the Court, or any Judge of any such Court, or any Justice or Justices of the
Peace before whom any such Offender should be brought, should commit such Offender to safe
Custody, and cause such Offender to be sent in such Custody for Trial in the Court of the Province
of Upper Canada: And whereas for the Purpose of the Colonization of that Part of the said Indian
Territories called Vancouver's Island, it is expedient that further Provision should be made for
the Administration of Justice therein: Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent
Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Com-
mons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the same. That from and
after the Proclamation of this Act in Vancouver's Island the said Act of the Forty-third Year
of King George the Third, and the said recited Provisions of the Second Year of King George the
Fourth, and the Provisions contained in such Act for giving Force, Authority, and Effect within
the said Indian Territories and other Parts of America to the Process and Acts of the said
Courts of Upper Canada, shall cease to have Force in and to be applicable to Vancouver's
Island aforesaid, and it shall be lawful for Her Majesty from Time to Time (and as well before
as after such Proclamation) to make Provision for the Administration of Justice in the said
Island, and for that Purpose to constitute such Court or Courts of Record and other Courts, with
such Jurisdiction in Matters Civil and Criminal, and such equitable and ecclesiastical Jurisdiction,
subject to such Limitations and Restrictions, and to appoint and remove or provide for the Appoint-
ment and Removal of such Judges, Justices, and such Ministerial and other Officers, for the
Administration and Execution of Justice in the said Island, as Her Majesty sliall think fit and
direct. 

2. Provided always, and be it enacted That, when and so soon as a Local Legislature has
been established in Vancouver's Island it shall be lawful for such Legislature from Time to Time,
by any Law or Ordinance made in the Manner and subject to the Conditions which may be by
Law required in respect of Laws or Ordinances made by such Local Legislature, to make such
Alterations as to such Legislature may seem meet in the Constitution or Jurisdiction of the Courts
which may be established in the said Island, and to make all such other Provisions as to such
Local Legislature may seem meet for and concerning the Administration of Justice in the said
Island. 

3. Provided always, and be it enacted, That ail Judgments given in any Civil Suit in
the said Island shall be subject to Appeal to Her Majesty in Council, in the Maimer and sub-
ject to the Regulations in and subject to which Appeals are now brought from the Civil Courts
of Canada, and to such further or other Regulations as Her Majesty with the Advice of Her
Privy Council shall from Time to Time appoint. 

4. And be it enacted That all such Islands adjacent to Vancouver's Island or to the
Western Coast of North America, and forming Part of the Doininions of Her Majesty, as are to
the Southward of the Fifty-second Degree of North Latitude, shall be deemed Part of Vancouver's
Island for the Purposes of this Act. 

5. And be it enacted. That this Act may be amended or repealed by any .'\ct to be passed
in this Session of Parliament. 

678 APPENDIX 

license, under the hand and seal of one of his Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, to any body
corporate or company, or person or persons, of or for the exclusive privilege of trading with
the Indians in all such parts of North America as should be specified in any of such
grants or licenses respectively, not being part of the lands or territories theretofore granted
to the said Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay, and
not being part of any of his Majesty's provinces in North America, or of any lands or territories
belonging to the United States of America, subject to the provisions and restrictions in the said
Act mentioned: 

And it was thereby further enacted, that the said Act of the 43d year of George the
Third, and all the clauses and provisos therein contained, should be deemed and construed, and
was and were thereby respectively declared to extend to and over, and to be in full force in and
through all the territories theretofore granted to the said Company of Adventurers trading to
Hudson's Bay: 

And whereas by Our grant or royal license, bearing date the 13th day of May 1838, under
the hand and seal of one of Our then Principal Secretaries of State, We granted and gave Our
license to the said Governor and Company and their successors, for the exclusive privilege
of trading with the Indians in all such parts of North America to the northward and westward of
the lands and territories belonging to the United States of America as should not form part of
any of Our provinces in North America, or of any lands or territories belonging to the United
States of America, or to any European government, state or power, subject nevertheless as therein
mentioned : 

And We did thereby give and grant and secure to the said Governor and Company and
their successors, the sole and exclusive privilege, for the full period of 21 years from the
date thereof, of trading with the Indians in all such parts of North America as aforesaid, except
as therein mentioned, at the rent therein reserved, and upon the terms and subject to the qualifi-
cation and power of revocation therein contained: 

And whereas by a treaty between Ourselves and the United States of America, for the
settlement of the Oregon boundary, signed at Washington on the 15th day of June 1846, it was
agreed upon and concluded (amongst other things) as follows: — That from the point of the
49th parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and con-
ventions between Great Britain and the said United States terminated, the line of boundary
between Our territories and those of the United States should be continued westward along the
said parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from
Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel and of De
Fuca's Straits to the Pacific Ocean: Provided, however, that the navigation of the whole of the
said channel and straits south of the 49th parallel of south latitude should remain free and open
to both parties: 

And whereas certain of Our lands and territories in North America lie to the westward
and also to the northward of the territory granted to the said Governor and, Company by the
hereinbefore recited grant or letters patent of his said late Majesty' King Charles the Second,
and which is, pursuant to the direction in that behalf contained in such grant or letters patent,
called or known as Rupert's Land, and to the eastward of the territories the boundary line of
which is defined by the hereinbefore recited treaty with the United States of North America: 

And whereas under the said last-mentioned grant or letters patent, and also under our
hereinbefore recited grant or license of the 13th day of May 1838, the said Governor and Com-
pany have traded as well within as beyond the limits of the lands and territories granted to
them by the said grant or letters patent of his said late Majesty King Charles the Second, and
have, in connection with and for the protection of their trade beyond the said limits, been in the
habit of erecting forts and other isolated establishments without the said limits, and some of
such forts and establishments of the said Governor and Company are now existing in that part
of Our said territories in North America, including Vancouver's Island, the boundary line be-
tween which and the territories of the said United States is determined by the hereinbefore
recited treaty between Ourselves and the said United States: 

And whereas it would conduce greatly to the maintenance of peace, justice and good
order, and the advancement of colonization and the promotion and encouragement of trade and
commerce in, and also to the protection and welfare of the native Indians residing within that
portion of Our territories in North America, called Vancouver's Island, if such island were 

APPENDIX 679 

colonized by settlers from the British dominions and if the property in the land of such island
were vested for the purpose of such colonization in the said Governor and Company of Ad-
venturers of England trading into Hudson's Bay; but nevertheless, upon condition that the
said Governor and Company should form on the said island a settlement or settlements, as
hereinafter mentioned, for the purpose of colonizing the said island, and also should defray
the entire expense of any civil and military establishments which may be required for the
protection and government of such settlement or settlements (except, nevertheless, during the
time of hostilities between Great Britain and any foreign European or American power): 

Now know ye, that We, being moved by the reasons before mentioned, do by these presents,
for Us, Our heirs and successors, give, grant and confirm unto the said Governor and Company
of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay, and their successors, all that the said
island called Vancouver's Island, together with all royalties of the seas upon the coasts within
the limits aforesaid, and all mines royal thereto belonging: 

And further We do, by tliese presents, for Us, Our heirs and successors, make, create and
constitute the said Governor and Company for the time being, and their successors, the true and
absolute lords and proprietors of the same territories, limits and places, and of all other the
premises (saving always the faith, allegiance and sovereign dominion due to Us, Our heirs and
successors for the same) : to have, hold, possess and enjoy the said territory, limits and places,
and all and singular other the premises hereby granted as aforesaid, with their and every of their
rights, members, royalties and appurtenances whatsoever to them, the said Governor and Com-
pany, and their successors forever, to be holden of Us, Our heirs and successors in free and com-
mon soccage, at the yearly rent of Seven shillings, payable to Us and Our successors forever, on
the First day of January in every year: 

Provided always, and We declare, that this present grant is made to the intent that the
said Governor and Company shall establish upon the said island a settlement or settlements
of resident colonists, emigrants from Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or
from other Our dominions, and shall dispose of the land there as may be necessary for the
purposes of colonization; and to the intent that the said Company shall, with a view to the
aforesaid purposes, dispose of all lands hereby granted to them at a reasonable price, except so
much thereof as may be required for public purposes; and that all monies which shall be re-
ceived by the said Company for the purchase of such land, and also from all payments which
may be made to them for or in respect of the coal or other minerals to be obtained in the said
island, or the right of searching for and getting the same, shall (after deduction of such sums
by way of profit as shal] not exceed a deduction of lo per cent, from the gross amount re-
ceived by the said Company from the sale* of such land and in respect of such coal or other
minerals as aforesaid) be applied towards the colonization and improvement of the island; and
that the Company shall reserve for the use of Us, Our heirs and successors, all such land as may
be required for the formation of naval establishments. We, Our heirs and successors, paying a
reasonable price for the same; and that the said Company shall, once in every two years at the
least, certify under the seal of the said Governor and Company to one of Our Principal Sec-
retaries of state, what colonists shall have been from time to time settled in the said island,
and what land shall be disposed of as aforesaid: 

And We further declare, that this present grant is made upon this condition, that if the
said Governor and Company shall not, within the term of five years from the date of these
presents, have established upon the said island a settlement of resident colonists, emigrants
from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or from other Our dominions; and it
shall at any time, after the expiration nf such term of five years, be certified to Us, Our heirs or
successors, by any person who shall be appointed by Us, Our heirs or successors, to inquire into,
the condition of such island, that such settlement has not been established according to the in-
tent of this Our grant, or that the provisions hereinbefore mentioned respecting the disposal
of land, and the price of lands and minerals, have not been respectively fulfilled, it shall be
lawful for Us, Our heirs and successors, to revoke this present grant, and to enter upon and
resume the said island and premises hereby granted, without prejudice, nevertheless, to such
dispositions as may have been made in the meantime by the said Governor and Company of any
land in the said island for the actual purpose nf colonization and settlement, and as shall have
been certified as aforesaid to one of Our Principal Secretaries of State: 

680 

APPENDIX 

And We hereby declare, that this present grant is and shall be deemed and taken to be
made upon this further condition, that We, Our heirs and successors, shall have, and We ac-
cordingly reserve unto L's and them, full power, at the expiration of the said Governor and
Company's grant or license of or for the exclusive privilege of trading with the Indians, to
re-purchase and take of and from the said Governor and Company the said \'ancouver's Island
and premises hereby granted, in consideration of payment being made by Us, Our heirs and
successors, to the said Governor and Company, of the sum or sums of money theretofore laid out
and expended by them in and upon the said Island and premises, and of the value of their
establishments, property and effects then being thereon. 

In witness whereof, We have caused these Our letters to be made patent. Witness Our-
selves, at Westminster, the 13th day of January 1849, in the tvselfth year of Our reign. 

By Writ of Privy Seal. 

XIV 

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE ADMIMSTTl.'VTION OF JUSTICE IN V.-VNCOUVER'S 

ISLAND 

(28th July, 1849) 

Where.as an Act was passed in the Forty-third Year of King George the Third, intituled
"An Act for extending the Jurisdiction of the Courts of Justice in the Provinces of Lower and
Upper Canada to the Trial and Punishment of Persons guilty of Crimes and Offences within
certain Parts of North America adjoining to the said Provinces": And whereas by an Act
passed in the Second Year of King George the Fourth, intituled "An Act for regulating the
Fur Trade, and establishing Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction within certain Parts of North
America," it was enacted, that from and after the passing of that Act the Courts of Judicature then
existing or %vhich might be thereafter established in the Province of Upper Canada should have
the same Civil Jurisdiction, Power and Authority, as well in the Cognizance of Suits as in the
issuing Process, mesne and ffnal, and in all other respects whatsoever, within the Indian Ter-
ritories and other Parts of America not within the Limits of either of the Provinces of Lower
or Upper Canada or of any Civil Government of the United States, as the said Courts had or
were invested with within the Limits of the said Provinces of Lower or Upper Canada respec-
tively, and that all and every Contract, Agreement, Debt Liability and Demand whatsoever made,
entered into, incurred, or arising within the said In(iian Territories and other Parts of America,
and all and every Wrong and Injury to the Person or to Property, real or personal, committed
or done within the same, should be and be deemed to be of the same Nature, and be cognizable
by the same Courts, Magistrates, or Justices of the Peace, and be tried in the same Manner, and
subject to the same Consequences in all respects, as if the same had been made, entered into,
incurred, arisen, committed, or done within the said Province of Upper Canada, and in the same
Act are contained Provisions for giving Force, Authority, and Effect within the said Indian Ter-
ritories and other Parts of America to the Process and .*\cts of the said Courts of Upper Canada;
and it was thereby also enacted, that it should be lawful for His Majesty, if he should deem
it convenient so to do, to issue a Commission or Commissions to any Person or Persons to be and
act as Justices of the Peace within such Parts of .\merica as aforesaid, as well within any Ter-
ritories theretofore granted to the Company of .'Adventurers of England trading to Hudson's
Bay as within the Indian Territories of such other parts of America as aforesaid; and it was
•further enacted, that it should be lawful for His Majesty from Time to Time by any Commission
under the Great Seal to authorize and empower any such persons so appointed Justices of the
Peace as aforesaid to sit and hold Courts of Record for the Trial of Criminal Offences and Mis-
demeanours, and also of Civil Causes, and it should be lawful for His Majesty to order, direct,
and authorize the Appointment of proper Officers to act in aid of such Courts and Justices within
the Jurisdiction assigned to such Courts and Justices in any such Commission, provided that such
Courts should be constituted as to the Number of Justices to preside therein, and as to such Places
within the said Territories of the said Company, or any Indian Territories or other Parts of North
America as aforesaid, and the Times and Manner of holding the same, as His Majesty should
from Time to Time order and direct, but should not try any Offender upon any Charge or Indict- 

676 APPENDIX 

however, that the navigation of the v?hole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-
ninth parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties. 

Article II 

From the point at which the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude shall be found to inter-
sect the great northern branch of the Columbia River, the navigation of the said branch shall
be free and open to the Hudson's Bay Company, and to all British subjects trading vpith the
same, to the point vphere the said branch meets tlie main stream of the Columbia, and thence down
the said main stream to the ocean, with free access into and through the said river or rivers,
it being understood that all the usual portages along the line thus described shall, in like man-
ner, be free and open. In navigating the said river or rivers, British subjects, with their goods
and produce, shall be treated on the same footing as citizens of the United States; it being,
however, always understood that nothing in this article shall be construed as preventing, or
intended to prevent, the Government of the United States from making any regulations respect-
ing the navigation of the said river or rivers not inconsistent with the present treaty. 

Article III 

In the future appropriation of the territory south of the fortj-ninth parallel of north lati-
tude, as provided in the first article of this treat},-, the possessory rights of the Hudson's Bav
Company, and of all British subjects who may be already in the occupation of land or other
property lawfully acquired within the said territory, shall be respected. 

Article IV 

The farms, lands, and other property of every description belonging to the Puget's Sound
Agricultural Company, on the north side of the Columbia River, shall be confirmed to the
said company. In case, however, the situation of those farms and lands should be considered
by the United States to be of public and political importance, and the United States Government
should signify a desire to obtain possession of the whole, or of any part thereof, the property
so required shall be transferred to the said Government, at a proper valuation, to be agreed
upon between the parties. 

Article V 

The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by Her Britannic Majesty; and the ratifications
shall be exchanged at London, at the expiration of six months from the date hereof, or sooner if
possible. 

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms. 

Done at Washington the fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and fort>'-six. 

(Seal) James Buchanan. 

(Seal) Richard Pakemham. 

XIII 

CHARTER OF GRANT OF VANCOUVER'S ISLAND TO THE HUDSON'S B.-VY
COMPANY, D.ATED 13 JANUARY, 18+9, AND CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN
THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY THEREON.
SINCE DATE OF LAST PAPERS LAID BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. 

Vancouver's Island — Royal Grant 

Victoria, by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Queen, Defender of the Faith. 

To all to who.vi these Presents shall come, greeting. 

Whereas by the Royal Charter or Letters Patent of his late Majesty King Charles the
Second, bearing date the 2d dav of May in the 22d year of his reiffn. his said late Majesty- did 

APPENDIX 677 

(amongst other things) ordain and declare that the CJovernor and Company of Adventurers
of England trading into Hudson's Bay, thereby incorporated, and their successors by that name,
should at all times thereafter be personable and capable in law to have, purchase, receive, pos-
sess and enjoy and retain lands, rents, privileges, liberties, jurisdictions, franchises and heredita-
ments, of what nature or kind soever they were, to them or their successors: And also to give,
grant, demise, alien, assign and dispose lands, tenements and hereditaments, and to do and
execute all and singular other things by the same name that to them should or might appertain
to do: 

And his said late Majesty did thereby for himself, his heirs and successors, give, grant and
confirm unto the said Governor and Company and their successors, the sole trade and commerce
of all those seas, straits, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks and sounds, in whatsoever latitude they should
be, that lay within the entrance of the straits, commonly called Hudson's Straits, together with
all the lands and territories upon the countries, coasts and confines of the seas, bays, lakes, rivers,
creeks and sounds aforesaid, that were not already actually possessed by or granted to any
of his said late Majesty's subjects, or possessed by the subjects of any other Christian prince
or state, with the fishing of all sorts of fish, whales, sturgeons and all other royal fishes in the seas,
bays, inlets and rivers within the premises, and the fish therein taken; together with the royalty
of the seas upon the coasts within the limits aforesaid, and all mines royal, as well then dis-
covered as not then discovered, of gold, silver, gems and precious stones to be found or dis-
covered within the territories, limits and places aforesaid, and that the said land should be
from thenceforth reckoned and reputed as one of his said late Majesty's plantations or colonies
in America : 

And further, his late Majesty did thereby for himself, his heirs and successors, make, create
and constitute the said C5overnor and Company for the time being, and their successors, the true
and absolute lords and proprietors of the same territory, limits and places aforesaid, and of
all other the premises (saving always the faith, allegiance and sovereign dominion due to his
said late Majesty, his heirs and successors, for the samel ; to hold, possess and enjoy the said
territory, limits and places, and all and singular other the premises thereby granted as aforesaid,
with their and every of their rights, members, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties and appur-
tenances whatsoever to them the said Governor and Company and their successors forever; to
be holden of his said late Majesty, his heirs and successors, as of his manor of East Green-
wich, in the county of Kent, in free and common soccage, and not ;;; capite or by knight's serv-
ice; yielding and paying yearly to his said late Majesty, his heirs and successors, for the same,
two elks and two black beavers whensoever and as often as his said late Majesty, his heirs and
successors, should happen to enter into the said countries, territories and regions thereby granted: 

And whereas by an Act passed in the Session of Parliament held in the 43d year of the
reign of his late Majesty King George the Third, intituled, "An Act for extending the
Jurisdiction of the Courts of Justice in the Provinces of Lower and Upper Canada, to the Trial
and Punishment of Persons guilty of Crimes and Offences within certain Parts of North America
adjoining to the said Provinces," it was enacted, that from and after the passing of that Act
all offences committed within any of the Indian territories or parts of America not within the
limits of either of the said provinces of Lower or Upper Canada, or of any civil government
of the United States of America, should be and be deemed to be offences of the same nature,
and should be tried in the same manner and subject to the same punishment as if the same
had been committed within the provinces of Upper or Lower Canada, and provisions were con-
tained in the said Act regulating the committal and trial of the offenders: 

And whereas by an ' Act passed in the Session of Parliament holden in the first and
second years of the reign of his late Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled, "An Act for
regulating the Fur Trade, and establishing a Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction within certain Parts
of North America," after reciting, among other things, that doubts had been entertained whether
the provisions of said Act of the 43d year of George the Third, extended to the territories
granted by charter to the said Governor and Company, and that it was expedient that such
doubts should be removed, and that the said Act should be further extended; it was enacted
(amongst other things), that from and after the passing of said last-mentioned Act, it should
be lawful for his then Majesty, his heirs and successors, to make grants, or give his royal 

674 APPENDIX 

be conveniently done, make and submit for his said Majesty's consideration and approval, such
rules and regulations for the management and carrying on of the said fur trade with the Indians,
and the conduct of the persons employed by them therein, as might appear to his said Majesty
to be eflEectual for diminishing or preventing the sale or distribution of spirituous liquors to the
Indians, and for promoting their moral and religious improvement; and his said Majestv did
thereby declare, that nothing in that Grant contained should be deemed or construed to authorize
the said Governor and Company, and William M'Gillivray, Simon M'Gillivray and Edward.
Ellice, or any persons in their employ, to claim or exercise any trade with the Indians on the
North-west coast of America to the westward of Stoney Mountains, to the prejudice or exclusion
of any citizens of the United States of America who might be engaged in the said trade; and
providing also by the now reciting Grant, that no British subjects other than and except the
said Governor and Company, and the said William M'Gillivray, Simon M'Gillivray and Edward
Ellice, and the persons authorized to carry on exclusive trade by them on Grant, should trade
with the Indians within such limits during the period of that Grant: 

And whereas the said Governor and Company have acquired to themselves all the rights
and interests of the said William M'CJillivray, Simon M'Gillivray and Edward Ellice, under
the said recited Grant, and the said Governor and Company having humbly besought us to
accept a surrender of the said Grant, and in consideration thereof to make a Grant to them, and
give to them our Royal License and authority of and for the like exclusive privilege of trading
with the Indians in North America, for the like period and upon similar terms and conditions to
those specified and referred to in the said recited Grant: Now know ye. That in consideration of
the surrender made to us of the said recited Grant, and being desirous of encouraging the said
trade, and of preventing as much as possible a recurrence of the evils mentioned or referred to in
the said recited Grant; as also in consideration of the yearly rent hereinafter reserved to us.
We do hereby grant and give our License, under the hand and seal of one of our Principal Secre-
taries of State, to the said Governor and Company, and their successors, for the exclusive privilege
of trading with the Indians in all such parts of North America, to the northward and to the
westward of the lands and territories belonging to the United States of America, as shall not form
part of any of our provinces in North America, or of any lands or territories belonging to the
said United States of America, or to any European government, state or power, but subject never-
theless as hereinafter mentioned: And we do by these presents give, grant and secure to the said
Governor and Company, and their successors, the sole and exclusive privilege, for the full period
of 21 years from the date of this our Grant, of trading with the Indians in all such parts
of North America as aforesaid (except as hereinafter mentioned) : And we do hereby declare,
that no rent shall be required or demanded for or in respect of this our Grant and License,
or any privileges given thereby, for the first four years of the said term of 21 years; and
we do hereby reserve to ourselves, our heirs and successors, for the remainder of the said
term of 21 years, the yearly rent or sum of 5s. to be paid by the said Governor and Company,
or their successors, on the first day of June in every year, into our Exchequer, on the account
of us, our heirs and successors; and we do hereby declare, that the said Governor and Company,
and their successors, shall, during the period of this our Grant and License, keep accurate
registers of all persons in their employ in any parts of North America, and shall once in each
year return to our Secretary of State accurate duplicates of such registers; and shall also enter
into and give security to us, our heirs and successors, in the penal sum of 5,000 £., for ensuring
as far as in them may He, or as they can by their authority over the servants and persons in
their employ, the due execution of all criminal and civil processes by the officers and persons
legally empowered to execute such processes within all the territories included in this our Grant,
and for the producing or delivering into custody for the purposes of trial all persons in their
employ or acting under their authority within the said territories who shall be charged with
any criminal offence: And we do also hereby require, that the said Governor and Company, and
their successors, shall, as soon as the same can be conveniently done, make and submit for our
consideration and approval such rules and regulations for the management and carrying on the
said fur trade with the Indians, and the conduct of the persons employed by them there-
in, as may appear to us to be eflEectual for diminishing or preventing the sale or distribution
of spirituous liquors to the Indians, and for promoting their moral and religious improvement:
But we do hereby declare, that nothing in this our Grant contained shall be deemed or con-
strued to authorize the said (5overnor and Company, or their successors, or any persons in their 

APPENDIX 675 

employ, to claim or exercise any trade with the Indians on the North-west coast of America to
the westward of the Stoney Mountains, to the prejudice or exclusion of any of the subjects of
any foreign states, who, under or by force of any convention for the time being between us and
such foreign states respectively, may be entitled to and shall be engaged in the said trade:
Provided nevertheless, and we do hereby declare our pleasure to be, that nothing herein con-
tained shall extend or be construed to prevent the establishment by us, our heirs or successors,
within the territories aforesaid, or any of them, of any colony or colonies, province or provinces,
or for annexing any part of the aforesaid territories to any existing colony or colonies to us, in
right of our Imperial Crown, belonging, or for constituting any such form of civil government
as to us may seem meet, within any such colony or colonies, province or provinces: 

And we do hereby reserve to us, our heirs and successors, full power and authority to
revoke these presents, or any part thereof, in so far as the same may embrace or extend to any
of the territories aforesaid, which may hereafter be comprised within any colony or colonies,
province or provinces as aforesaid: 

It being nevertheless hereby declared, that no British subjects other tlian and except the said
Governor and Company, and their successors, and the persons authorized to carry on exclusive
trade by them, shall trade with the Indians during the period of this our Grant within the
limits aforesaid, or within that part thereof which shall not be comprised within any such
colony or province as aforesaid. 

Given at our Court at Buckingham Palace, 30th day of May, 1838. 

By Her Majesty's command. 

(L. S.) (signed) Glenelg. 

XII 

TREATY ESTABLISHING BOUNDARY WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, 1846 

Concluded June 15, 1846; Ratification Advised by the Senate June 18, 1846; RAxinED by the
President June 19, 1846; Ratifications Exchanged Jui.y 17, 1846; Proclaimed August
5, 1846. 

Articles 

I. Boundary established; free navigation. IV. Property of Puget's Sound Agricultural
II. Navigation of Columbia River. Company. 

III. Property rights. V. Ratification. 

The United States of America and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, deeming it to be desirable for the future welfare of both countries
that the state of doubt and uncertainty which has hitherto prevailed respecting the sovereignty
and government of the territory on the northwest coast of America, lying westward of the
Rocky or Stony Mountains, should be finally terminated by an amicable compromise of the
rights mutually asserted by the two parties over the said territory, have respectively named
Plenipotentiaries to treat and agree concerning the terms of such settlement, that is to say: 

The President of the United States of America has, on his part, furnished with full powers
James Buchanan, Secretary of State of the United States, and Her Majesty the Queen of the
Uniied Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has, on her part, appointed the Right Honourable
Richard Pakenham, a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and Her
Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States; 

Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good
and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles: 

Article I 

From the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down
in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Cireat Britain terminate*,
the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of Her Britannic Majesty
shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle
of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island; and thence southerly
through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to tlie Pacific Ocean: Provided,